Fractals and Independent Component Analysis for Defect Detection in Bridge Decks

Table 1

Actual and estimated horizontal location of defects in the 15 cm slab*.

Scan	Actual location	Estimated location	Diff
Scan 2	85.73	87.07	1.34
Scan 5	22.23	22.12	0.11
	73.03	74.14	1.11
Scan 6	8.89	9.73	0.84
Scan 7	8.89	10.11	1.22
	16.51	17.15	0.64
Scan 9	27.31	24.46	2.85
Scan 10	8.26	6.96	1.30
	28.58	26.59	1.99
Scan 11	9.53	8.76	0.77
	48.26	44.73	3.53
Scan 13	36.83	ND	ND
Scan 14	49.53	54.89	5.36
	81.28	83.21	1.93
Average			1.77

*All measurements are in cm; ND means the defective segment is not detected.