Effect of Reduced <svg style="vertical-align:-4.67648pt;width:20.737499px;" id="M1" height="20.924999" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 20.737499 20.924999" width="20.737499"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.925)">
		<g transform="translate(72,-55.26)">
			<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.97)">
				<tspan style="font-size: 17.93px; " x="0" y="0">𝑘</tspan>
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			<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.23,55.49)">
				<tspan style="font-size: 12.55px; " x="0" y="0">0</tspan>
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</svg> Zone on Time-Dependent Analysis of Tunnels

<table>The surface horizontal displacement using reduced <svg height="14.625" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.6875 14.625" width="14.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.625)">
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Advances in Civil Engineering

fig23

Figure 23

Figure 23: Effect of Reduced <svg style="vertical-align:-4.67648pt;width:20.737499px;" id="M1" height="20.924999" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 20.737499 20.924999" width="20.737499"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.925)">
		<g transform="translate(72,-55.26)">
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</svg> Zone on Time-Dependent Analysis of Tunnels 

Advances in Civil Engineering

Effect of Reduced 𝑘 0 Zone on Time-Dependent Analysis of Tunnels

Figure 23

Effect of Reduced Zone on Time-Dependent Analysis of Tunnels