FE Simulation of Transmission Tower

<table class="table-group" id="tab3"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left">Stiffness</td><td align="center">Single bolt</td><td align="center">Two and more bolts</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span style="width: 20.5875px;"><svg height="15.4" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.5875 15.4" width="20.5875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.187)"><path d="M536 404q0 -17 -13.5 -31.5t-26.5 -14.5q-8 0 -15 10q-11 14 -25 14q-22 0 -67 -50q-47 -52 -68 -82l37 -102q31 -88 55 -88t78 59l16 -23q-32 -48 -68.5 -78t-65.5 -30q-19 0 -37.5 20t-29.5 53l-41 116q-72 -106 -114.5 -147.5t-79.5 -41.5q-21 0 -34.5 14t-13.5 37
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</svg></span></td><td align="center">Semirigid</td><td align="center">Semirigid</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span style="width: 20.825001px;"><svg height="18.362499" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.825001 18.362499" width="20.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path d="M764 650l-7 -26q-61 -10 -91.5 -22.5t-76.5 -48.5l-235 -184q104 -152 208 -276q31 -37 54.5 -48.5t68.5 -16.5l-7 -28h-156q-138 170 -213 284q-19 29 -33.5 35t-33.5 -7l-29 -173q-15 -75 -5.5 -90.5t74.5 -20.5l-5 -28h-260l7 28q58 5 74 21.5t30 89.5l70 378
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.188)"><path d="M556 393q0 -39 -36 -106q-42 -78 -185 -279q-47 -66 -81 -108t-117 -135l-112 -26l-8 22q150 90 251 219q-6 136 -39 340q-8 53 -21 53q-6 0 -27 -19.5t-38 -42.5l-16 26q80 111 127 111q23 0 35 -28t20 -90q18 -137 27 -263h2q142 200 142 279q0 24 -14 48q-4 7 5 26
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</svg></span></td><td align="center">Rigid</td><td align="center">Rigid</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span style="width: 19.862499px;"><svg height="15.4875" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.862499 15.4875" width="19.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path d="M764 650l-7 -26q-61 -10 -91.5 -22.5t-76.5 -48.5l-235 -184q104 -152 208 -276q31 -37 54.5 -48.5t68.5 -16.5l-7 -28h-156q-138 170 -213 284q-19 29 -33.5 35t-33.5 -7l-29 -173q-15 -75 -5.5 -90.5t74.5 -20.5l-5 -28h-260l7 28q58 5 74 21.5t30 89.5l70 378
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.187)"><path d="M475 445l-64 -69q-119 -128 -289 -280q27 6 81 -15q66 -26 102 -26q48 0 111 93l23 -19q-41 -84 -75.5 -116.5t-73.5 -32.5q-37 0 -147 53q-43 21 -63 7q-22 -15 -38 -41q-4 -7 -11 -7q-8 10 -8 26q0 38 47 83l292 273q-32 -5 -67 -1q-63 7 -105 7q-32 0 -53.5 -22
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</svg></span></td><td align="center">Rigid</td><td align="center">Rigid</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span style="width: 36.6875px;"><svg height="15.4" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.6875 15.4" width="36.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path d="M764 650l-7 -26q-61 -10 -91.5 -22.5t-76.5 -48.5l-235 -184q104 -152 208 -276q31 -37 54.5 -48.5t68.5 -16.5l-7 -28h-156q-138 170 -213 284q-19 29 -33.5 35t-33.5 -7l-29 -173q-15 -75 -5.5 -90.5t74.5 -20.5l-5 -28h-260l7 28q58 5 74 21.5t30 89.5l70 378
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.187)"><path d="M181 342h2q63 107 121 107q24 0 41 -16t17 -34q0 -34 -32 -49q-17 -7 -26 2q-21 20 -43 20q-20 0 -42 -22t-38 -63v-183q0 -50 12.5 -62t69.5 -16v-26h-230v26q47 5 58 17t11 61v207q0 49 -9 60.5t-53 16.5v23q74 12 141 40v-109z" id="x72"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.664,15.187)"><path d="M257 449q92 0 154 -65t62 -158q0 -112 -67 -175t-150 -63q-98 0 -158.5 66.5t-60.5 154.5q0 59 21 106.5t54.5 75.5t71 43t73.5 15zM244 416q-48 0 -81 -47t-33 -128q0 -96 38 -158t99 -62q51 0 82 43.5t31 139.5q0 91 -36 151.5t-100 60.5z" id="x6F"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,23.733,15.187)"><path d="M298 36l-68 -35q-25 -13 -42 -13q-98 0 -98 119v290h-69l-4 11l28 29h45v72l65 67l14 -2v-137h113q8 -8 6 -21t-12 -19h-107v-256q0 -96 59 -96q29 0 61 17z" id="x74"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,29.337,15.187)"><path d="M536 404q0 -17 -13.5 -31.5t-26.5 -14.5q-8 0 -15 10q-11 14 -25 14q-22 0 -67 -50q-47 -52 -68 -82l37 -102q31 -88 55 -88t78 59l16 -23q-32 -48 -68.5 -78t-65.5 -30q-19 0 -37.5 20t-29.5 53l-41 116q-72 -106 -114.5 -147.5t-79.5 -41.5q-21 0 -34.5 14t-13.5 37
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</svg></span></td><td align="center">Rigid</td><td align="center">Rigid</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span style="width: 36.924999px;"><svg height="18.362499" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.924999 18.362499" width="36.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path d="M764 650l-7 -26q-61 -10 -91.5 -22.5t-76.5 -48.5l-235 -184q104 -152 208 -276q31 -37 54.5 -48.5t68.5 -16.5l-7 -28h-156q-138 170 -213 284q-19 29 -33.5 35t-33.5 -7l-29 -173q-15 -75 -5.5 -90.5t74.5 -20.5l-5 -28h-260l7 28q58 5 74 21.5t30 89.5l70 378
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.188)"><path d="M181 342h2q63 107 121 107q24 0 41 -16t17 -34q0 -34 -32 -49q-17 -7 -26 2q-21 20 -43 20q-20 0 -42 -22t-38 -63v-183q0 -50 12.5 -62t69.5 -16v-26h-230v26q47 5 58 17t11 61v207q0 49 -9 60.5t-53 16.5v23q74 12 141 40v-109z" id="x72"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.664,15.188)"><path d="M257 449q92 0 154 -65t62 -158q0 -112 -67 -175t-150 -63q-98 0 -158.5 66.5t-60.5 154.5q0 59 21 106.5t54.5 75.5t71 43t73.5 15zM244 416q-48 0 -81 -47t-33 -128q0 -96 38 -158t99 -62q51 0 82 43.5t31 139.5q0 91 -36 151.5t-100 60.5z" id="x6F"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,23.733,15.188)"><path d="M298 36l-68 -35q-25 -13 -42 -13q-98 0 -98 119v290h-69l-4 11l28 29h45v72l65 67l14 -2v-137h113q8 -8 6 -21t-12 -19h-107v-256q0 -96 59 -96q29 0 61 17z" id="x74"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,29.337,15.188)"><path d="M556 393q0 -39 -36 -106q-42 -78 -185 -279q-47 -66 -81 -108t-117 -135l-112 -26l-8 22q150 90 251 219q-6 136 -39 340q-8 53 -21 53q-6 0 -27 -19.5t-38 -42.5l-16 26q80 111 127 111q23 0 35 -28t20 -90q18 -137 27 -263h2q142 200 142 279q0 24 -14 48q-4 7 5 26
q13 28 43 28q18 0 30 -15.5t12 -39.5z" id="x1D466"></path></g>
</svg></span></td><td align="center">Pin</td><td align="center">Rigid</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span style="width: 35.962502px;"><svg height="15.4875" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.962502 15.4875" width="35.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path d="M764 650l-7 -26q-61 -10 -91.5 -22.5t-76.5 -48.5l-235 -184q104 -152 208 -276q31 -37 54.5 -48.5t68.5 -16.5l-7 -28h-156q-138 170 -213 284q-19 29 -33.5 35t-33.5 -7l-29 -173q-15 -75 -5.5 -90.5t74.5 -20.5l-5 -28h-260l7 28q58 5 74 21.5t30 89.5l70 378
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.187)"><path d="M181 342h2q63 107 121 107q24 0 41 -16t17 -34q0 -34 -32 -49q-17 -7 -26 2q-21 20 -43 20q-20 0 -42 -22t-38 -63v-183q0 -50 12.5 -62t69.5 -16v-26h-230v26q47 5 58 17t11 61v207q0 49 -9 60.5t-53 16.5v23q74 12 141 40v-109z" id="x72"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.664,15.187)"><path d="M257 449q92 0 154 -65t62 -158q0 -112 -67 -175t-150 -63q-98 0 -158.5 66.5t-60.5 154.5q0 59 21 106.5t54.5 75.5t71 43t73.5 15zM244 416q-48 0 -81 -47t-33 -128q0 -96 38 -158t99 -62q51 0 82 43.5t31 139.5q0 91 -36 151.5t-100 60.5z" id="x6F"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,23.733,15.187)"><path d="M298 36l-68 -35q-25 -13 -42 -13q-98 0 -98 119v290h-69l-4 11l28 29h45v72l65 67l14 -2v-137h113q8 -8 6 -21t-12 -19h-107v-256q0 -96 59 -96q29 0 61 17z" id="x74"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,29.337,15.187)"><path d="M475 445l-64 -69q-119 -128 -289 -280q27 6 81 -15q66 -26 102 -26q48 0 111 93l23 -19q-41 -84 -75.5 -116.5t-73.5 -32.5q-37 0 -147 53q-43 21 -63 7q-22 -15 -38 -41q-4 -7 -11 -7q-8 10 -8 26q0 38 47 83l292 273q-32 -5 -67 -1q-63 7 -105 7q-32 0 -53.5 -22
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</svg></span></td><td align="center">Rigid</td><td align="center">Rigid</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Advances in Civil Engineering

tab3

Table 3

Table 3: FE Simulation of Transmission Tower 