Optimization for U-Shaped Steel Support in Deep Tunnels under Coupled Static-Dynamic Loading

Figure 9

Total deformation of U-shaped steel with the contact area ratios of (a) 1/4, (b) 1/3, (c) 1/2, (d) 2/3, (e) 3/4, and (f) 1/1. The maximum deformation values were 1.3069 mm, 1.3027 mm, 1.2906 mm, 1.2863 mm, 1.2813 mm, and 1.2614 mm, respectively.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)