Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Structural Engineering: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Literature

Table 5

Keyword analysis (Scopus, December 2018).

Keyword	Links	Occurrences	Average citations
2010–2012
project management	91	38	11.37
three dimensional	138	33	33.59
computer aided design	95	28	22.96
software design	111	26	14.37
database systems	74	16	21.92
algorithms	47	9	20.44
productivity	35	7	26.86
virtual reality	28	7	19.71
standards	37	6	9.00
civil engineering	28	6	5.17
in-buildings	33	5	76.00
building materials	30	5	16.40
concrete construction	28	5	25.60
2013–2015
architectural design	146	258	14.84
information systems	181	140	14.00
structural design	130	126	15.80
information management	274	87	15.36
industry foundation classes (ifc)	254	71	19.20
construction	122	44	18.94
life cycle	95	38	10.68
design	96	33	13.12
interoperability	76	27	30.93
decision making	109	26	15.81
cost estimating	99	23	7.77
energy efficiency	91	22	5.68
semantics	81	22	19.32
concrete buildings	94	21	14.27
construction projects	69	18	17.56
sustainable development	75	17	14.84
structural optimization	70	17	13.51
office buildings	63	17	27.53
visualization	52	16	15.31
laser applications	75	14	27.71
reinforced concrete	58	14	6.21
design and construction	51	14	29.93
structural analysis	55	13	8.62
facility management	79	12	27.73
AEC	58	11	50.55
digital storage	57	10	13.10
building codes	49	10	11.80
construction management	48	10	14.70
product design	48	10	4.60
data visualization	44	10	11.20
application programs	49	9	5.00
scheduling	48	9	38.11
intelligent buildings	46	9	19.56
model checking	43	9	62.00
cloud computing	38	9	20.78
information retrieval	35	9	10.78
ontology	48	8	16.50
quality control	47	8	15.38
precast concrete	41	8	28.50
knowledge management	39	8	13.00
architecture	37	8	22.50
artificial intelligence	45	7	14.71
building components	44	7	13.43
building	34	7	17.71
scanning	33	7	48.43
topology	30	7	12.71
compliance control	30	7	6.71
social networking	29	7	17.43
collaboration	27	7	28.71
cost engineering	44	6	16.00
specifications	42	6	9.67
genetic algorithms	39	6	21.50
software testing	37	6	13.67
planning	36	6	50.17
object oriented programming	35	6	11.50
historic preservation	32	6	18.00
damage detection	29	6	10.67
integration	28	6	8.00
earthquakes	26	6	4.67
walls (structural partitions)	25	6	43.67
constructability	21	6	12.17
software prototyping	41	5	14.40
user interfaces	36	5	17.00
geometry	29	5	32.20
conceptual design	28	5	12.20
economic and social effects	27	5	16.00
search engines	27	5	5.40
laws and legislation	26	5	4.60
levels of detail	25	5	26.40
floors	25	5	51.00
design coordination	23	5	21.40
asset management	13	5	8.80
2016–2018
simulation	62	18	40.19
automation	77	16	27.88
data handling	65	13	7.54
point cloud	43	11	37.45
housing	47	9	9.89
maintenance	46	9	4.67
cost benefit analysis	28	8	4.88
risk assessment	25	8	4.88
efficiency	38	7	8.43
model view definition (mvd)	33	7	11.86
human resource management	32	7	17.86
classification	44	7	13.00
inspection	32	7	7.43
bridges	34	6	6.67
information modeling	33	6	6.50
manufacture	22	6	2.67
geophysics	21	5	3.20
big data	26	5	5.80
robotics	16	5	7.20
object detection	61	10	32.70