Novel FTLRNN with Gamma Memory for Short-Term and Long-Term Predictions of Chaotic Time Series

Table 5

Error norms variations for the Mackey-Glass and Duffing time series for FTLRNN model on testing data set.

Error norms	Mackey-Glass time series			Duffing time series
	(𝐾=10 step ahead prediction)			(𝐾=10 step ahead prediction)
	Transfer function tanh			Transfer function linear tanh
	MSE	NMSE	𝑟	MSE	NMSE	𝑟
𝐿1	0.00455	0.08077	0.94576	0.00335	0.02185	0.98910
𝐿2	0.00447	0.07940	0.9596	0.00389	0.02747	0.9831
𝐿3	0.00484	0.08595	0.9345	0.0488	0.02756	0.9821
𝐿4	0.00577	0.1024	0.93823	0.01624	0.02756	0.96108
𝐿5	0.00629	0.1117	0.9332	0.01656	0.09354	0.95725
𝐿∞	0.00544	0.0887	0.94990	0.00341	0.01901	0.9810