Table 1: PID controller values of EBFO algorithm and the performance index values for bioreactor model (five trials).

Trial Iteration IAE ISE 1 51 −0.9330 −0.0171 −0.0628 8.828 77.93 0.721 1.97 62.5 2 57 −0.6289 −0.0672 −0.0386 2.537 6.439 0.718 2.39 27.6 3 67 −0.4418 −0.0503 −0.0714 3.390 11.49 0.775 2.95 30.3 4 72 −0.5928 −0.0730 −0.0288 2.336 5.456 0.759 2.48 18.1 5 59 −0.7117 −0.0391 −0.0433 4.359 19.00 0.638 2.3 38.2