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| Author(s) and date of publication | Paper title | Aim/focus/objective | Paper coverage (year) and scope |
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| (5) Zhang and Mu [65] 24 January 2017 | Ear detection under uncontrolled conditions with multiple scale faster region-based convolutional neural networks | This system contained large occlusions, scale, and pose variation | Forty-one (41) application papers that are deep learning ear identification methods are reviewed in this paper |
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| (6) Kohlakala and Coetzer [66] 1 June 2021 | Ear-based biometric authentication through the detection of prominent contour | It is used to classify ears either in the foreground or background of the image. The binary contour image applied the matching for feature extraction, and this was carried out by implementing Euclidean distance measure, which had a ranking to verify for authentication | Twenty-one (21) application papers that are deep learning ear identification methods are reviewed in this paper |
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| (7) Tomczyk and Szczepaniak [67] 13 December 2019 | Ear detection using convolutional neural network on graphs with filter rotation | It shows the published experimental results that the approach performed the rotation equivalence property to detect rotated structures | Forty (40) application papers that are deep learning ear identification methods are reviewed in this paper |
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| (8) Alshazly et al. [68] 8 December 2019 | Handcrafted versus CNN features for ear recognition | The paper took seven performing handcrafted descriptors to extract the discriminating ear image. They then took the extracted ear and trained it using Support Vector Machines (SVM) to learn a suitable model | Seventy-three (73) application papers that are deep learning ear identification methods are reviewed in this paper |
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