Formation, Energetics, and Electronic Properties of Graphene Monolayer and Bilayer Doped with Heteroatoms

Figure 7

Simulated STM images of (a) substitutional nitrogen, (b) trimerized pyridine-type, and (c) tetramerized pyridine-type defects in graphene. The STM images are calculated at the applied bias voltages of (a) +0.5 eV, (b) −0.5 eV, and (c) −0.5 eV. The dotted line denotes the unit cell. Reproduced with permission from [47], copyright 2011, the American Physical Society.

(a)

(b)

(c)