Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry for Single Sickle Cell Detection In Vitro and In Vivo

Figure 1

Principles of PA monitoring of sRBCs during SCD crisis. (a) Schematic of PAFC. (b, c) Principles of linear (b) and nonlinear nanobubble-based (c) PA detection of relatively homogenous HbA and clustered HbS distribution in normal and sickled cells (nRBCs and sRBCs), respectively.

(a)

(b)

(c)