Increased COX-2 Immunostaining in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder Is Associated with Invasiveness and Poor Prognosis

Table 3

Correlation between COX-2 immunostaining and clinicopathological features of UCB.

Parameter		COX-2 immunostaining		value
		Low	High
Sex	Male	85	17	0.793
	Female	17	4
Age	<60 years	41	6	0.320
	≥60 years	61	15
Grade	Low grade	30	1	0.013
	High grade	72	20
Muscle invasion	Negative	40	2	0.017
	Positive	58	19
	Indeterminate	4	0
Pathological stage (pT)	pT1	44	2	0.003
	pT2	58	19
	pT3
	pT4
Nodal metastasis	Negative	85	13	0.08
	Positive	17	8
Distant metastasis	Negative	100	10	0.031
	Positive	2	11
Lymphovascular invasion	Negative	97	4	0.008
	Positive	5	17
Anatomical stage	I	41	2	0.015
	II	61	19
	III
	IV
Local disease recurrence	Negative	69	14	0.931
	Positive	33	7
Survival	Alive	71	16	0.548
	Dead	31	5

Kruskal-Wallis test; Mann-Whitney test; T1: tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue; T2: tumor invades muscularis propria; T3: tumor invades perivesical tissue; T4: tumor invades any of the following: prostatic stroma, seminal vesicles, uterus, vagina, pelvic wall, or abdominal wall; stage I: T1, N0, and M0; stage II: T2, N0, and M0; stage III: T3 or T4a, N0, and M0; stage IV: any T and N1-3 or M1.