A Systematic Review of Serum Biomarkers Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide and Rheumatoid Factor as Tests for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Table 5

Characteristics of patients positive and negative for anti-CCP and rheumatoid factor.

Anti-CCP−/RF+	Anti-CCP+/RF+
(i) 5% [135] to ~12%–20% [17, 136–139]  of RA patients; (ii) 81% of RF+ patients [136]; (iii) Intermediate form of RA [135]	(i) 50% [136] to 63% [135] of RA patients; (ii) The probability of RA is ~90%–100% [8, 17, 140]; (iii) High probability of developing erosive RA [17, 140]; (iv) Most severe form of RA [135]
Anti-CCP−/RF−	Anti-CCP+/RF−
(i) 14% [135] to ~30% of RA patients [136]; (ii) A low probability of RA, but the disease cannot be ruled out [8]; (iii) Mildest form of RA [135]	(i) 8% [136] to 18% [135] of RA patients; (ii) ~20% [17, 141–145] to 40% RF-negative RA patients [12, 146, 147]; (iii) Intermediate form of RA [135]; (iv) Substantial risk of developing RA [63, 148, 149]