Mind-Body Medicine for Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review

Table 3

Summary of risk of bias assessment.

Study	Intervention	Random sequence generation	Allocation concealment	Blinding of participants and personnel	Blinding of outcome assessment	Incomplete outcome data	Selective reporting	MS diagnosis and criteria	Other bias*	Overall risk of bias for study
Grossman et al. 2010, [25]	Mindfulness	+	+	−	+	+	+	+	+	+
Mills and Allen, 2000 [26]	Mindfulness	?	?	−	−	−	?	+	−	−
Oken et al., 2004 [27]	Yoga	+	+	−	+	+	+	+	?	+
McClurg et al., 2006 [30]	Biofeedback	+	?	−	+	+	+	+	+	+
Klarskov et al., 1994 [31]	Biofeedback	?	?	−	−	+	+	?	−	−
Jensen et al., 2011 [29]	Hypnosis	?	?	−	+	−	+	?	−	−
Jensen et al., 2009 [28]	Hypnosis	?	?	−	+	+	+	?	−	?
Ghafari et al., 2009 [32]	Relaxation	?	?	−	?	+	+	+	+	+
Sutherland et al., 2005 [33]	Relaxation	?	?	−	?	+	+	+	−	?
Maguire, 1996 [34]	Imagery	?	?	−	?	+	+	?	−	?

(+) Low risk of bias.
(−) High risk of bias.
(?) Unclear risk of bias.
*Other bias category includes small sample size (𝑛<30) [35], studies which reported being underpowered and minimal or no group comparison at baseline.