Cardiovascular Disease in Latin American Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Cross-Sectional Study and a Systematic Review

Table 4

Factors associated with CVD in patients with SLE*.

Characteristic	β	AOR	95% CI	𝑃
Dyslipidemia	0.971	2.64	1.32–5.28	0.005
Pleural effusion	0.751	2.12	1.17–3.84	0.013
Ever smoking	0.602	1.83	1.07–3.10	0.025
Coffee consumption	0.559	1.75	1.01–3.04	0.043
Renal involvement	0.476	1.61	0.94–3.84	0.081

CVD: cardiovascular disease; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; β: β coefficient; AOR: adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.
*The model was adjusted by gender and duration of the disease.