Effects of Climate Change and Various Grassland Management Practices on Grasshopper (Orthoptera) Assemblages

Table 5

Results of testing effects of macroclimate and management and their interactions on the microclimate of the studied grasslands (respective values of microclimate data were included = the value measured at 120 cm was considered 0) (general linear mixed model, one-way ANOVA, 𝑛=64).

Microclimate	Macroclimate and management
	Ann	Seas	M	M × Seas
Grassland humidity
Ground surface	5.41 ***	5.22 ***	2.30 *	1.62
10 cm	5.49 ***	7.42 ***	1.99 *	1.33
20 cm	3.45 **	9.96 ***	1.47	1.52
30 cm	2.58 *	11.12 ***	1.65	1.17
Average	6.71 ***	8.46 ***	2.24 *	1.29
Grassland temperature
Ground surface	3.07 *	8.62 ***	2.56 *	1.29
10 cm	2.07	8.29 ***	1.37	2.15 *
20 cm	3.59 **	8.00 ***	1.88	2.77 **
30 cm	2.93 *	9.16 ***	1.69	5.15 ***
Average	3.17 *	9.23 ***	2.09 *	2.43 *

Model includes annual macroclimate (Ann), periodical (June, July, August, and September) macroclimate (Seas, from June to July), management (M), and interactions of management and periodical (June, July, August, and September) macroclimate (M × Seas). Mean temperature and rainfall of the period were involved in Ann and Seas. 𝐹 values are given. ^∗𝑃<0.05; ^∗∗𝑃<0.005; ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001.