Predictors of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Commercial Minibus Drivers in Accra Metropolis, Ghana

Table 2

Factors associated with MSDs among the participants ().

Characteristic	/	OR (95% CI)	value	aOR (95% CI)	value
Age (years)
<40	67/79	1
40–50	30/42	0.5 (0.2–1.2)	0.121
>50	19/27	0.9 (0.3–2.8)	0.900
Marital status
Married	92/112	1
Single	24/36	0.4 (0.2–1.0)	0.053
Education
Primary/junior high school	61/79	1
Senior high school equivalent	55/69	1.2 (0.5–2.5)	0.713
Religion
Christian	96/117	1		1
Muslim*	21/31	2.5 (1.0–6.0)	0.039	2.2 (0.7–6.3)	0.170
Alcohol
No	48/65	1
Yes	68/83	1.6 (0.7–3.5)	0.238
Smoking
No	27/34	1
Yes	89/114	0.9 (0.4–2.4)	0.868
Sports activities
Yes	13/23	1		1
No	103/125	3.6 (1.4–9.3)	0.008	4.7 (1.4–15.8)	0.011
Type of driver
Owner	22/26	1
Employee	94/122	0.6 (0.2–1.9)	0.398
Driving duration (years)
<5	34/48	1
5–10	46/59	1.8 (0.6–5.2)	0.263
>10	36/43	1.5 (0.5–4.0)	0.471
Driving time per day (hours)
≤12	20/32	1		1
>12	96/116	2.9 (1.2–6.8)	0.016	2.8 (1.0–7.5)	0.046
Driving time per week (days)
<5	22/44	1		1
5–7	89/104	3.7 (1.7–8.5)	0.002	4.0 (1.5–10.2)	0.004
Perceived job stress
None	23/38	1	1	1
Yes	93/110	3.6 (1.6–8.2)	0.003	2.8 (0.9–8.2)	0.066
Job satisfaction
Satisfied	55/83	1		1
Dissatisfied	61/65	4.5 (1.7–11.7)	0.002	3.0 (1.0–9.5)	0.058

/: Number of subjects with MSDs/number of subjects in each category. *Muslims and other religions combined due to very low frequency of the latter. OR: odds ratio; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.