Copyright © 2010 U. Kutschera and J. M. Elliott. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

1. N. Barlow, Ed., The Autobiography of Charles Darwin, Collins St. James's Place, London, UK, 1858.
2. C. Darwin, The Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the Actions of Worms, with Observations on Their Habits, John Murray, London, UK, 1881.
3. F. J. R. Meysman, J. J. Middelburg, and C. H. R. Heip, “Bioturbation: a fresh look at Darwin's last idea,” Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 688–695, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
4. C. Darwin, “On the formation of mould,” Proceedings of the Geological Society of London, vol. 2, pp. 574–576, 1838.
5. A. Desmond and J. Moore, Darwin, Penguin Books, London, UK, 1992.
6. C. Darwin, “On the formation of mould,” Transactions of the Geological Society of London, pp. 505–509, 1840.
7. C. Darwin, “On the origin of mould,” Gardener's Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, vol. 14, p. 218, 1844.
8. C. Darwin, “The formation of mould by worms,” Gardener's Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, vol. 20, p. 530, 1869.
9. D. L. Johnson, “Darwin would be proud: bioturbation, dynamic denudation, and the power of theory in science,” Geoarchaeology, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 7–40, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
10. G. G. Brown, C. Feller, E. Blanchart, P. Deleporte, and S. S. Chernyanskii, “With Darwin, earthworms turn intelligent and become human friends,” Pedobiologia, vol. 47, no. 5-6, pp. 924–933, 2003. View at Scopus
11. C. A. Edwards and P. J. Bohlen, Biology and Ecology of Earthworms, Chapman & Hall, London, UK, 1996.
12. D. H. Erwin, “Macroevolution of ecosystem engineering, niche construction and diversity,” Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 304–310, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
13. C. Feller, G. G. Brown, E. Blanchart, P. Deleporte, and S. S. Chernyanskii, “Charles Darwin, earthworms and the natural sciences: various lessons from past to future,” Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol. 99, no. 1–3, pp. 29–49, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
14. J. E. Satchell, “Lumbricidae,” in Soil Biology, A. Burgess and F. Raw, Eds., pp. 259–322, Academic Press, London, UK, 1967.
15. M. H. B. Hayes, ““Darwin's vegetable mould” and some modern concepts of humus structure and soil aggregation,” in Earthworm Ecology: From Darwin to Vermiculture, J. E. Satchell, Ed., pp. 19–33, Chapman & Hall, London, UK, 1983.
16. V. V. Pop, “Earthworm biology and ecology—a case study: the genus Octodrilus Omodeo, 1956 (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae), from the Carpathians,” in Earthworm Ecology, C. A. Edwards, Ed., pp. 65–100, St. Lucie Press, Boca Raton, Fla, USA, 1998.
17. B. Jonsson, T. Forseth, and O. Ugedal, “Chernobyl radioactivity persists in fish,” Nature, vol. 400, no. 6743, p. 417, 1999.
18. J. T. Smith, S. V. Fesenko, B. J. Howard, et al., “Temporal change in fallout ${}^{137}\text{C}\text{s}$ in terrestrial and aquatic systems: a whole ecosystem approach,” Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 49–54, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
19. J. T. Smith, R. N. J. Comans, N. A. Beresford, S. M. Wright, B. J. Howard, and W. C. Camplin, “Pollution: Chernobyl's legacy in food and water,” Nature, vol. 405, no. 6783, p. 141, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
20. J. M. Elliott, J. Hilton, E. Rigg, P. A. Tullett, D. J. Swift, and D. R. P. Leonard, “Sources of variation in post-Chernobyl radiocaesium in fish from two Cumbrian lakes (Northwest England),” Journal of Applied Ecology, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 108–119, 1992.
21. J. M. Elliott, J. A. Elliott, and J. Hilton, “Sources of variation in post-Chernobyl radiocaesium in brown trout, Salmo trutta L., and Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L., from six Cumbrian lakes (Northwest England),” Annales de Limnologie, vol. 29, pp. 79–98, 1993.
22. V. Rousset, F. Pleijel, G. W. Rouse, C. Erséus, and M. E. Siddall, “A molecular phylogeny of annelids,” Cladistics, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 41–63, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
23. J. M. Elliott and K. H. Mann, “A key to the British freshwater leeches with notes on their life cycles and ecology,” Scientific Publications of the Freshwater Biological Association, vol. 40, pp. 1–72, 1979.
24. U. Kutschera and P. Wirtz, “The evolution of parental care in freshwater leeches,” Theory in Biosciences, vol. 120, no. 2, pp. 115–137, 2001.
25. U. Kutschera, I. Pfeiffer, and E. Ebermann, “The European land leech: biology and DNA-based taxonomy of a rare species that is threatened by climate warming,” Naturwissenschaften, vol. 94, no. 12, pp. 967–974, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
26. J. M. Elliott, “Population size, weight distribution and food in a persistent population of the rare medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis,” Freshwater Biology, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 1502–1512, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
27. C. Darwin, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, John Murray, London, UK, 1859.
28. S. Rose, Ed., The Richness of Life: The Essential Stephen Jay Gould, W. W. Norton, New York, NY, USA, 2007.
29. R. W. Sims and B. M. Gerard, Earthworms. Synopsis of the British Fauna No. 31, Linnaean Society, London, UK, 1985.
30. U. Kutschera and K. J. Niklas, “The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis,” Naturwissenschaften, vol. 91, no. 6, pp. 255–276, 2004.
31. A. J. Grove, “On the reproductive processes of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris,” Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Sciences, vol. 69, pp. 245–291, 1925.
32. V. Nuutinen and K. R. Butt, “The mating behaviour of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae),” Journal of Zoology, vol. 242, no. 4, pp. 783–798, 1997.
33. N. K. Michiels, A. Hohner, and I. C. Vorndran, “Precopulatory mate assessment in relation to body size in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris: avoidance of dangerous liaisons?” Behavioral Ecology, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 612–618, 2001.
34. W. Michaelsen, “Zur Kenntnis der deutschen Lumbricidenfauna,” Mitteilungen des Naturhistorischen Museums Hamburg, vol. 24, pp. 1–191, 1907.
35. F. Lamparski, “Der Einfluß der Regenwurmart Lumbricus badensis auf Waldböden im Südschwarzwald,” Freiburger Bodenkundliche Abhandlungen, vol. 15, 1985.
36. K. Riexinger, “Ein Regenwurm der Superlative,” Der Sonntag in Freiburg, vol. 2, p. 3, 1999.
37. A. Kobel-Lamparsky and F. Lamparsky, “Burrow constructions during the development of Lumbricus badensis individuals,” Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol. 3, pp. 125–129, 1987.
38. M. J. Telford, “A single origin of the central nervous system?” Cell, vol. 129, no. 2, pp. 237–239, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
39. G. Osche, “Der Riesenregenwurm (Lumbricus badensis) des Südschwarzwaldes,” Der Feldberg im Schwarzwald. Natur- und Landschaftsschutzgebiete Baden-Württembergs, vol. 12, pp. 394–396, 1982.
40. U. Kutschera, “Species concepts: leeches versus bacteria,” Lauterbornia, vol. 52, pp. 171–175, 2004.
41. M. Wikelski, “Evolution of body size in Galapagos marine iguanas,” Proceedings of the Royal Society B, vol. 272, no. 1576, pp. 1985–1993, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
42. A. C. Evans, “A method of studying the burrowing activities of earthworms,” Annals Magazine Natural History, vol. 14, pp. 643–650, 1947.
43. U. Kutschera, “Struggle to translate Darwin's view of concurrency,” Nature, vol. 458, no. 7241, p. 967, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
44. O. Seehausen, “Ecology: speciation affects ecosystems,” Nature, vol. 458, no. 7242, pp. 1122–1123, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed