Comparative Bioremediation of Crude Oil-Amended Tropical Soil Microcosms by Natural Attenuation, Bioaugmentation, or Bioenrichment

Table 3

Degradation rates of n-alkanes and TPH for each bioremediation treatment.

Soil	Bioremediation treatment^a	n-alkanes degradation (%)	TPH degradation (%)
Cantagalo	MNA	56.5	15.6
	MNAS	64.8	32.5
	BE	60	24.8
	BES	67.7	36.2
Panelas	MNA	74	38.1
	MNAS	78.1	39.3
	BA	78.4	47.5
	BAS	77.3	51.3

^aMNA, monitored natural attenuation; MNAS, monitored natural attenuation in soil with the addition of NaCl; BE, bioenrichment; BES, bioenrichment in soil with NaCl; BA, bioaugmentation; BAS, bioaugmentation in soil with NaCl.