Applied and Environmental Soil Science

Research Article

Comparative Use of Soil Organic and Inorganic Amendments in Heavy Metals Stabilization

Table 5

Distribution of copper (a), zinc (b), and chromium (c) in soil chemical fractions at two time points of the experiment: beginning (A) and end (B). Treatments: CSC: Contaminated Soil, CSC + PF: Contaminated Soil + Phosphate Fertilizer, CSC + BC: Contaminated Soil + Biosolid Compost, and CSC + PF + BC: Contaminated Soil + Phosphate Fertilizer + Biosolid Compost (Mean ± S.D., ).

(a)


Soluble and exchangeable	Heavy metals concentration (mg kg⁻¹)
Soluble and exchangeable	Cu	Zn	Cr

CSC (A)	2.56 ± 0.8	553.00 ± 2.6	0.27 ± 0.0
CSC (B)	4.25 ± 0.5	457.00 ± 47.6	0.54 ± 0.1
CSC + PF (A)	4.70 ± 2.4	569.33 ± 77.5	0.53 ± 0.0
CSC + PF (B)	5.14 ± 2.7	438.17 ± 77.9	0.64 ± 0.2
CSC + BC (A)	3.72 ± 0.3	547.67 ± 67.2	0.43 ± 0.0
CSC + BC (B)	3.75 ± 1.0	426.17 ± 68.0	0.50 ± 0.5
CSC + PF + BC (A)	4.76 ± 0.7	557.33 ± 19.0	0.62 ± 0.1
CSC + PF + BC (B)	4.95 ± 0.4	422.67 ± 23.1	0.79 ± 0.2

ANOVA
Amendments
Moment		*
Amendments × moment	ns	ns	ns

(b)


Organic matter bound	Heavy metals concentration (mg kg⁻¹)
Organic matter bound	Cu	Zn	Cr

CSC (A)	183.27 ± 16.3	195.17 ± 6.7	32.63 ± 6.6
CSC (B)	200.73 ± 7.2	115.73 ± 0.6	57.48 ± 2.9
CSC + PF (A)	186.20 ± 12.6	141.33 ± 25.0	32.20 ± 2.7
CSC + PF (B)	199.93 ± 18.7	110.80 ± 26.0	52.15 ± 10.6
CSC + BC (A)	196.93 ± 13.4	193.33 ± 63.1	34.20 ± 7.4
CSC + BC (B)	206.30 ± 16.3	140.20 ± 31.5	45.57 ± 6.9
CSC + PF + BC (A)	202.00 ± 10.1	172.50 ± 13.5	28.87 ± 2.8
CSC + PF + BC (B)	189.80 ± 3.7	126.20 ± 20.9	39.70 ± 0.8

ANOVA
Amendments			*
Moment		*	*
Amendments × moment	ns	ns	ns

(c)


Carbonate bound	Heavy metals concentration (mg kg⁻¹)
Carbonate bound	Cu	Zn	Cr

CSC (A)	189.20 ± 12.6	330.33 ± 29.5	139.47 ± 5.1
CSC (B)	183.97 ± 17.1	199.83 ± 19.3	152.13 ± 2.8
CSC + PF (A)	183.90 ± 2.5	340.67 ± 111.6	138.20 ± 9.0
CSC + PF (B)	166.73 ± 10.8	197.17 ± 29.5	143.83 ± 14.3
CSC + BC (A)	190.53 ± 11.3	334.00 ± 84.3	123.73 ± 14.6
CSC + BC (B)	150.85 ± 11.6	234.67 ± 26.3	145.95 ± 0.9
CSC + PF + BC (A)	187.20 ± 9.8	317.67 ± 9.7	115.93 ± 11.6
CSC + PF + BC (B)	162.30 ± 8.9	242.33 ± 44.7	143.47 ± 4.3

ANOVA
Amendments			*
Moment	*	*	*
Amendments × moment	ns	ns	ns

(d)


Residual	Heavy metals concentration (mg kg⁻¹)
Residual	Cu	Zn	Cr

CSC (A)	29.25 ± 2.5	39.6 ± 12.2	446.8 ± 1.0
CSC (B)	20.76 ± 3.2	30.2 ± 5.8	466.28 ± 2.6
CSC + PF (A)	20.1 ± 8.3	123.4 ± 39.6	469.5 ± 6.0
CSC + PF (B)	39.52 ± 17.1	28.52 ± 5.6	616.02 ± 14.4
CSC + BC (A)	32.8 ± 14.4	113.2 ± 38.6	476.3 ± 12.4
CSC + BC (B)	50.18 ± 0.8	63.21 ± 2.6	496.43 ± 4.1
CSC + PF + BC (A)	31.2 ± 5.5	55.0 ± 4.4	431.5 ± 6.0
CSC + PF + BC (B)	45.67 ± 4.3	39.99 ± 28.5	543.13 ± 2.4

ANOVA
Amendments	*		*
Moment	*		*
Amendments × moment	ns	ns	*

Significance levels: ; ns: not significant.