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Table 1: Drug induced hematologic syndromes.

Syndrome Examples of associated drugs References Immunohemolytic anemia Pencillins, cephaloporins, alpha-methyl-DOPA, oxaliplatin, fludarabine, anti-Rh D antiglobulin [1–4] Nonimmune hemolytic anemia Ribavirin, phenazopyridine, chloroquine, [5, 6] Methhemoglobinemia Phenazopyridine, dapsone, benzocaine, prilocaine [7–13] Megaloblastic anemia Rrimethoprim, pyrimethamine, diphenyhydantoin [14–16] Sideroblastic anemia Isoniazid, chloramphenicol, linezolide [17–22] Aplastic anemia Chloramphenical, gold, NSAIDs, [23–27] Pure red cell aplasia Diphenylhydantoin, azathioprine, chlopropamide, isoniazid, erythropoietin [28–33] Immune thrombocytopenia Quinine, quinidine, heparin, vancomycin, sulfas, pencillins, glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors [34–40] Thrombotic microangiopathy Quinine, quinidine, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, cylosporine A, mitomycin-C, cisplatin [41–45] Platelet dysfunction Pencillins, beta-lactam antibiotics, aspirin, NSAIDs [46, 47] Hypercoagulability Estrogens, tamoxifen, asparaginase, heparin, bevacizumab, thalidomide/lenalidomide, COX-2 inhibitors, erythropoietin [48–66] Circulating anticoagulants Isoniazid, hydralazine, procainamide [67–70] Hypoprothrombinemia Cephalosporins, pencillins, sulfas [71–73] Neutropenia Antithyroid drugs, procainamide, sulfas, captopril, phenothiazines, diphenylhydantoin, rituximab [74–77] Neutrophilia Glucocorticoids, lithium, G- and GM-CSF [78–81] Eosinophilia Pencillins, sulfas, allopurinol, diphenylhydantoin [82, 83] Polycythemia Erythropoietin, anabolic steroids, diuretics [84] Acute leukemia/myelodyplasia Alkylating agents, topoisomerase II inhibitors [85–95]