Review Article

Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment and Prevention of Graft-versus-Host Disease

Table 3

MSC cotransplantation clinical trials.

Ref PhaseNo. of ptsType of Tplt (no of pts)Conditioning Regimen (no. of pts)CD34 dose. Other cells if specified (×106 cells/kg, median (range)).Other GVHD PPxType of MSC (no. of doses)MSC dose (×106 cells/kg, median (range))Time to Tplt Failed
engraftment
Engraftment (days, median (range))aGVHD (no/total evaluable (percent))cGVHD (no/total evaluable (percent))Relapsed disease (no/total (percent))Infections (no/total (percent))Morbidity/
mortality
(percent (95% CI))
Survival (percent (95% CI))

[38]I46 (adults)PBSCT,
MF.
Bu/Cy,
Thiopeta/Cy,
BEAM,
Cy/TBI
5.0 (3.2–15.8)CSA & MTX
(day 1, 3, 6).
MF, same as SCT donor.2.5 (1–5)4 hrs before SCT0ANC: 14 (11–26).
Plt: 20.5 (15–36).
23/46
(50%).
grade II: 13/46 (28.3%)
22/36
(61%)
Extensive: 8/36
(22.2%)
12/46
(26%)
NAEst. 2-yr
PFS: 53%
(37–66%)
Est. 2-yr: 78%
(63–87%)

[39]I/II14 (peds)PBSCT,
haplo.
TBI-based (9),
chemo-based (5).
21.5 (11.6–38.6);
CD3: 0.3 ±
0.3 × 105 cells/kg.
NAHaplo, same as SCT donor.1.6 (1–3.3)4 hrs before SCT0ANC: 12 (10–17).
Plt: 10 (9–18).
2/14 (14.3%).
Grade III-IV: 0.
1/7 (14.3%).
Extensive: 0.
2/14
(14.3%)
Viral reacti-vation: 7/14 (50%).
Fatal: 2/14 (14.3%)
Relapse-free survival at median 9 mo
FU: 82%
Est. 9 mo: 72%

[40]Pilot10 (9 adults, 1 ped)PBSCT (4),
BM (4),
PBSC &
BM (2).
All MF.
Cy/TBI (9),
Bu/Cy (1).
5.14 (0.42–7.14)CSA & MTX
(day 1, 3, 6).
MF, same as SCT donor.0.34 (0.03–1.53)4 hrs before SCT1ANC: 16 (12–21).
Plt > 50 × 109/L: 30
(16–45).
4/9 (44.5%).
Grade III-IV: 0.
1/7 (14.3%).
Extensive: 0.
6/10
(60%)
3/10 (30%)Est. 3-yr
PFS: 30%
Est. 3-yr: 40%

[41]Pilot/I12 (adults)PBSCT,
MF.
Cy (2),
Cy/TBI (8),
Bu/Cy (2).
4.34 (2.59–13.1)CSA & MTX
(day 1, 3, 6, 11).
MF, same as SCT donor.1.48 (1.29–2.24)1 hr after SCT0ANC: 11 (7–15).
Plt: 13.5 (10–17).
9/12 (75%).
grade II: 2/12 (16.7%).
4/12 (33.3%).
Extensive: 2/12 (16.7%).
4/12
(33.3%)
Viral reacti-vation: 4/12 (30%).
Fatal infection 1/12 (8.3%).
NAAlive: 7/12, 58.3%,
range of FU 29 to >57 mo.
Dead: 5/12, 41.7%,
range 5–19 mo post-tplt.

[42]Pilot7 (3 adults, 4 peds)PBSCT (4):
MF (2),
MUD (2).
BM (2):
MF (1),
MM (1).
CB,
MM (1).
Cy/TBI (1),
Flu/ATG (2),
Bu/Cy/
ATG (2),
Flu/Mel/
ATG (1),
Cy/TBI/
ATG/Cam (1).
7.2 (0.21–68.9)CSA (2),
CSA & MTX (3),
CSA & Pred (1),
Tac & Rapamycin (1).
MF, same as SCT donor (3).
Haplo (4).
1.0Within 4 hrs of SCT0ANC: 12 (10–28).
Plt > 50 × 109/L: 15
(11–45).
6/7 (85.7%).
Grade II: 2/7 (28.6%).
Grade III-IV: 0.
1/7 (14.3%),
extensive.
0/7
(0%).
Severe infections: 2/7 (28.3%).
Fatal: 1/7 (14.3%).
PFS at 2-yr median
FU: 6/6 (100%).
2-yr median
FU: 6/7 (85.7%).

[43]I/II9 (adults)CB & PBSCT:
PBSCT haplo (7),
MM (2).
Cy/TBI/ATG
/Flu (6), Bu/Cy
/Flu/ATG (3).
PBSCT: 2.61 (2.4–3.31).
CB: 0.12 (0.037–0.28).
CD3: 0.0036 (0.0001–0.0083).
CSA & Methyl-pred
(day-1 to 10–14).
same as SCT donors.1.2 (1.04–2.22)CB, then PB-SCT,
then MSC within 24 hrs.
0ANC: 12 (10–31).
Plt: 44 (27–98).
5/9 (55.6%).
Grade II: 4/9 (44.4%).
Grade III-IV: 0.
1/8 (12.5%),
limited.
1/9
(11.1%)
Viral reacti-vation:
2/9 (22.2%).
2-yr cumulative
TRM: 11% (2–71%)
OS at 22 mo:
8/9 (88.9%).

[44]Pilot/I20 (adults)PBSCT,
MM.
Flu/TBI4.8 (1.6–11.8).
CD3: 312 (120–540).
MMF & TacMM, third party different from SCT donors.NA0.5–2 hrs before SCT1NA11/20 (55%).
Grade II: 5/20 (25%).
Grade III-IV: 4/20 (20%).
15/20 (75%).
Extensive: 8/20 (40%).
6/20 (30%)Fatal: 1/20 (5%).1-yr
PFS: 60%.
1-yr
OS: 80%.

Notes: Type of transplant (tplt). BM: bone marrow stem cells. CB: cord blood stem cells. Haplo: haploidentical donor. MF: HLA-identical family member. MUD: matched unrelated donor. MM: HLA-mismatched donor. PBSCT: peripheral blood stem cells.
Conditioning regimen: ATG: antithymoglobulin. BEAM: carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan. Bu: busulfan. Cam: campath. Cy: cyclophosphamide. Flu: fludarabine. Mel: melphalan. TBI: total body irradiation. CSA: cyclosporin. MMF: mycophenolate mofetil. MTX: methotrexate. Tac: tacrolimus.
GVHD prophylaxis (PPX): CSA: cyclosporin. MMF: mycophenolate mofetil. MTX: methotrexate. Tac: tacrolimus.
Engraftment criteria unless otherwise specified: time needed to reach ANC > 0.5 × 109/L. Plt > 20 × 109/L.