Exploring Risk Factors for Follicular Lymphoma

Table 4

Environmental and lifestyle exposures associated with follicular lymphoma.

Exposure	Measure of Effect (95% CI)	𝑃-trend	Reference
Alcohol
Highest category of beer consumption (drinks/week)	HR = 0.90 (0.40–1.99)	0.553	[31]
Highest category of wine consumption (drinks/week)	HR = 0.96 (0.49–1.90)	0.513	[31]
Highest category of liquor consumption (drinks/week)	HR = 0.71 (0.30–1.69)	0.395	[31]
Highest category of alcohol consumption (drinks/week)	HR = 0.71 (0.28–1.79)	0.302	[31]
Highest category of ethanol consumption (g/week)	HR = 0.55 (0.24–1.30)	0.295	[31]
Wine	OR = 2.19 (0.83–5.80)		[29]
Alcohol use (ever/never)	OR = 1.22 (0.51–2.89)		[68]
Survival: alcohol use <43.1 g/weeka	HR = 0.35 (0.10–1.20)		[80]
Survival: alcohol use >43.1 g/week	HR = 2.16 (0.98–4.77)		[80]
Tobacco
Ever smoker	HR = 0.62 (0.45–0.85)		[31]
Current smoker	HR = 0.74 (0.42–1.31)		[31]
Former smoker	HR = 0.59 (0.42–0.83)		[31]
>30 years since quitting (former smokers)	HR = 0.42 (0.21–0.84)	0.374	[31]
Age at initiation (>20)	HR = 0.80 (0.47–1.34)	0.318	[31]
>40 years of having smoked	HR = 0.52 (0.28–0.97)	0.365	[31]
Packs of cigarettes/day	HR = 0.59 (0.32–1.09)	0.627	[31]
Pack years of smoking >39.75	HR = 0.63 (0.37–1.07)	0.949	[31]
Ever smoker	OR = 1.15 (1.02–1.29)		[30]
Current smokers	OR = 1.31 (1.12–1.52)		[30]
Former smokers	OR = 1.06 (0.93–1.22)		[30]
Ever smokers >36 pack years	OR = 1.30 (1.08–1.56)	0.6	[30]
Current heavy smokers > 36 pack years	OR = 1.45 (1.15–1.82)	0.85	[30]
Survival: former smoker	HR = 1.98 (0.81–4.80)		[80]
Survival: current smoker	HR = 2.95 (1.27–6.81)		[80]
Survival: >17 pack-years	HR = 2.61 (1.19–5.74)	0.02	[80]
Survival: time since quitting to diagnosis (<10 years versus never Smoker)	HR = 3.73 (1.07–13.0)	0.005	[80]
ever smoker	OR = 2.18 (0.75–6.35)		[68]
Environmental exposures
UV exposure and Ex11 + 32 CC genotype: <7 hrs/wk sun exposure in last 10 years	OR = 6.3 (1.9–22.0)	0.004,; 𝑃–interaction = 0.009	[62]
UV exposure and Ex11 + 32 CC genotype: <7 hrs/wk sun exposure in the fourth decade	OR = 5.7 (1.5–21)	0.01,; 𝑃-interaction = 0.003	[62]
UV exposure and Ex11 + 32 CC genotype: <7 hrs/wk sun exposure in the third decade	OR = 8.3 (1.9–37)	0.03,; 𝑃-interaction = 0.03	[62]
UV exposure and Ex11 + 32 CC genotype: <7 hrs/wk sun exposure in the second decade	OR = 20.0 (1.4–304)	0.06,; 𝑃-interaction = 0.05	[62]
Hair dyes	OR = 1.33 (0.9–1.96)		[69]
Hair dyes	OR = 1.57 (0.72–3.46)		[68]
All solvents	OR = 1.3 (1.0–1.8)	0.03	[70]
BTX exposure (benzene, toluene, xylene)	OR = 1.6 (1.0–2.5)	0.08	[70]
Benzene	OR = 1.6 (0.9–2.9)	0.1	[70]
Toluene	OR = 1.5 (0.9–2.4)	0.2	[70]
Xylene	OR = 1.6 (0.9–2.7)	0.14	[70]
CAH exposure	OR = 1.1 (0.6–1.9)	0.9	[70]
Trichloroethylene	OR = 1.2 (0.6–2.3)	0.65	[70]
Gasoline exposure	OR = 0.8 (0.5–1.5)	0.3	[70]
Chlorinated hydrocarbons, total > 47.3 ppm*years	OR = 3.9 (1.3–12.1)	0.04	[71]
Trichloroethene > 35 ppm*yrs	OR = 3.2 (0.8–12.9)	0.16	[71]
Tetrachloroethene > 0, <9.1	OR = 1.2 (0.3–5.5)	0.43	[71]
CTET > 23, <48.1 ppm*yrs	OR = 2.1 (0.2–19.4)	0.83	[71]
DCM > 26.3, <175 ppm*yrs	OR = 1.5 (0.3–7.4)	0.2	[71]
Benzene > 130 ppm*yrs	OR = 1.3 (0.3–6.4)	0.51	[71]
Toluene > 207 ppm*yrs	OR = 1.1 (0.2–5.3)	0.48	[71]
Xylene > 230 ppm*yrs	OR = 1.3 (0.3–6.2)	0.33	[71]
Styrene > 67.1 ppm*yrs	OR = 1.6 (0.5–6.0)	0.2	[71]
Lived within 2 miles of a lumber and wood products facility^b	OR = 1.1 (0.5–2.2)	0.84	[72]
Lived within 2 miles of a chemicals and allied products facility^b	OR = 1.2 (0.8–1.8)	0.34	[72]
Lived within 2 miles of a petroleum refining and related industries^b	OR = 1.1 (0.7–1.9)	0.89	[72]
Lived within 2 miles of a primary metal industries facility^b	OR = 1.2 (0.8–1.7)	0.21	[72]
Lived within 100 m of high voltage power lines	OR = 1.86 (0.75–4.63)		[68]

^aThe reference group consumes 0 g/week.
^bPtrend is for half-mile increments within two miles proximity.