Estimating a User's Internal State before the First Input Utterance

Table 6

Elements of feature vectors.

Speech-based feature					Face orientation feature
		(a)	(b)	(c)			(a)	(b)	(c)
Length until input utterance	𝐿0	◯	◯	◯	continuous (𝑡=1,…,15)	𝑦𝑎𝑤(𝑡)		◯	◯
Length of silence	𝐿silence	◯	◯	◯		𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙(𝑡)		◯	◯
Length of filler	𝐿filler	◯	◯	◯		𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ(𝑡)		◯	◯
Length of filled pause	𝐿𝑓𝑝			◯	discrete (𝑛=1,…,9)	𝑓𝑛	◯