Enhanced Cognitive Walkthrough: Development of the Cognitive Walkthrough Method to Better Predict, Identify, and Present Usability Problems

Table 3

Examples of problem types.

Problem type	Explication	Origin
User; (U)	The problem is due to the user’s experience and knowledge, possibly because the user is accustomed to different equipment	Comes primarily from questions 1 and 3
Hidden; (H)	The interface gives no indications that the function is available or how it should be used	Comes primarily from question 2
Text and icon; (T)	Placement, appearance and content can easily be misinterpreted or not understood	Comes primarily from question 3
Sequence; (S)	Functions and operations have to be performed in an unnatural sequence	Comes primarily from question 1
Physical demands; (P)	The interface sets too high demands on users’ physical speed, motoric skill and force	Comes primarily from question 4 (operation level)
Feedback; (F)	The interface gives unclear indications of what the user is doing or has done	Comes primarily from question 4 (function level) and question 5