Particle Production in Strong Electromagnetic Fields in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

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</svg> versus <svg height="11.9625" id="M687" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.5375 11.9625" width="13.5375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,7.275,11.762)"><path d="M452 333q0 -82 -46 -164t-116 -128q-81 -53 -158 -53q-26 0 -51 13t-37 32q-26 41 -6 134l91 431q7 40 2.5 47t-34.5 7h-33l2 25q36 4 72.5 13t58.5 15.5t28 6.5q10 0 4 -29l-91 -391h2q65 77 130 116.5t105 39.5q36 0 56.5 -32t20.5 -83zM365 316q0 76 -35 76
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</svg> for different values of <svg height="12.175" id="M688" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.2875004 12.175" width="9.2875004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)"><path d="M516 277q0 -126 -140 -231q-36 -27 -75.5 -42.5t-63.5 -15.5q-38 0 -73 43q-10 -44 -18 -106q-18 -134 -32 -151q-12 -16 -40 -25t-46 -10l-5 14q22 38 84 406q16 92 44.5 146.5t88.5 95.5q68 47 136 47q63 0 101.5 -47.5t38.5 -123.5zM432 259q0 61 -27 101t-79 40
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</svg>. The solid line is the full relativistic calculation, the dashed line is the nonrelativistic approximation. <svg height="16.512501" id="M689" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.012501 16.512501" width="26.012501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg> binding energy in vacuum corresponds to <svg height="15.2375" id="M690" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 61.3125 15.2375" width="61.3125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg>. </table>

Advances in High Energy Physics

fig12

Figure 12

Figure 12: Particle Production in Strong Electromagnetic Fields in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions 