Properties and Behaviors of Heavy Quarkonia: Insights through Fractional Model and Topological Defects

Table 4

Expectation value of charmonium of (GeV) for two models (the classical model (, ), the fractional model (, )).

State	The classical model (GeV)	The fractional model (GeV)	[44]	[44]	[45]	[46]
1S	1.173	0.502	0.456	0.454	0.492	0.507
2S	0.805	0.268	0.251	0.250	0.325	0.396
1P	0.342	0.308	0.312	0.312	—	0.316
	0.795	0.393
	0.276	0.485
2P	0.319	0.197	0.188	0.188	0.307	0.239
	0.628	0.231
	0.263	0.262
1D	0.226	0.442	0.202	0.203	—
	0.396	0.347
	0.562	0.275
	0.254	0.224
	0.184	0.189