Control of Pedicle Screw Placement with an Electrical Conductivity Measurement Device: Initial Evaluation in the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine

<div>Examples of pedicle screw placement on postoperative CT imaging: (a) “correct” (no mediocaudal pedicle wall penetration), (b) “suboptimal but acceptable” (0–2 mm penetration), and (c) “misplaced” (penetration &gt; 2 mm).</div>

Advances in Medicine

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: Control of Pedicle Screw Placement with an Electrical Conductivity Measurement Device: Initial Evaluation in the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine 