Current smoking and past smoking in renal transplant recipient resulted in higher risk for death than never smoking (, 95% CI 1.1–3.8, , and , 95% CI 1.4–4.0, , resp.).
Compared with patients who had never smoked (), patients who stopped smoking before transplantation has increased chances of death (HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0–1.2; ) and a similar risk of death-censored graft failure (HR, 1.0, 95% CI, 1.0–1.1; ), but a 40% increase in death from malignancy (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2–1.7; )
Compared with never smokers, incident smoking after transplant was associated with increased risk death (AHR [adjusted hazard ratio] 2.32 [95% CI: 1.98–2.72]; )