Copyright © 2012 L. Di Liberto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

1. J. E. Kay, K. Raeder, A. Gettelman, and J. Anderson, “The boundary layer response to recent arctic sea ice loss and implications for high-latitude climate feedbacks,” Journal of Climate, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 428–447, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
2. C. Deser, R. Tomas, M. Alexander, and D. Lawrence, “The seasonal atmospheric response to projected Arctic sea ice loss in the late twenty-first century,” Journal of Climate, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 333–351, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
3. J. Boé, A. Hall, and X. Qu, “Current GCMs' unrealistic negative feedback in the arctic,” Journal of Climate, vol. 22, no. 17, pp. 4682–4695, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
4. P. Seibert, F. Beyrich, S. E. Gryning, S. Joffre, A. Rasmussen, and P. Tercier, “Review and intercomparison of operational methods for the determination of the mixing height,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 1001–1027, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
5. D. S. Covert, A. Wiedensohler, P. Aalto, J. Heintzenberg, P. H. McMurry, and C. Leck, “Aerosol number size distributions from 3 to 500 nm diameter in the arctic marine boundary layer during summer and autumn,” Tellus, Series B, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 197–212, 1996. View at Scopus
6. J. Heintzenberg, C. Leck, W. Birmili, B. Wehner, M. Tjernström, and A. Wiedensohler, “Aerosol number-size distributions during clear and fog periods in the summer high Arctic: 1991, 1996 and 2001,” Tellus, Series B, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 41–50, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
7. T. J. Garrett and C. Zhao, “Increased Arctic cloud longwave emissivity associated with pollution from mid-latitudes,” Nature, vol. 440, no. 7085, pp. 787–789, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
8. S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, et al., Eds., The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, USA, 2007.
9. J. R. McConnell, R. Edwards, G. L. Kok et al., “20th-Century industrial black carbon emissions altered arctic climate forcing,” Science, vol. 317, no. 5843, pp. 1381–1384, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
10. M. C. Serreze, M. M. Holland, and J. Stroeve, “Perspectives on the Arctic's shrinking sea-ice cover,” Science, vol. 315, no. 5818, pp. 1533–1536, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
11. M. Z. Jacobson, “Climate response of fossil fuel and biofuel soot, accounting for soot's feedback to snow and sea ice albedo and emissivity,” Journal of Geophysical Research D, vol. 109, no. 21, Article ID D21201, 15 pages, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
12. J. Hansen and L. Nazarenko, “Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 101, no. 2, pp. 423–428, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
13. F. Cairo, G. Di Donfrancesco, A. Adriani, L. Pulvirenti, and F. Fierli, “Comparison of various linear depolarization parameters measured by lidar,” Applied Optics, vol. 38, no. 21, pp. 4425–4432, 1999. View at Scopus
14. L. Liu and M. I. Mishchenko, “Constraints on PSC particle microphysics derived from lidar observations,” Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, vol. 70, no. 4–6, pp. 817–831, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
15. S. E. Gryning and E. Batchvarova, “Analytical model for the growth of the coastal internal boundary layer during onshore flow,” Quarterly Journal, vol. 116, no. 491, pp. 187–203, 1990. View at Scopus
16. S. Emeis, K. Schäfer, and C. Münkel, “Surface-based remote sensing of the mixing-layer height—a review,” Meteorologische Zeitschrift, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 621–630, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
17. F. Beyrich, “Mixing height estimation from sodar data—a critical discussion,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 31, no. 23, pp. 3941–3953, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
18. S. A. Cohn and W. M. Angevine, “Boundary layer height and entrainment zone thickness measured by lidars and wind-profiling radars,” Journal of Applied Meteorology, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 1233–1247, 2000. View at Scopus
19. F. Cairo, G. Di Donfrancesco, L. Di Liberto, and M. Viterbini, “The RAMNI airborne lidar for cloud and aerosol research,” Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions, vol. 5, pp. 1253–1292, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
20. M. Haeffelin, F. Angelini, Y. Morille et al., “Evaluation of mixing height retrievals from automatic profiling lidars and ceilometers in view of future integrated networks in Europe,” Boundary-Layer Meteorology, pp. 1–27, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
21. R. M. Endlich, F. L. Ludwig, and E. E. Uthe, “An automatic method for determining the mixing depth from lidar observations,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 1051–1056, 1979. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
22. S. H. Melfi, J. D. Spinhirne, S. H. Chou, and S. P. Palm, “Lidar observations of vertically organized convection in the planetary boundary layer over the ocean,” Journal of Climate & Applied Meteorology, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 806–821, 1985. View at Scopus
23. B. Hennemuth and A. Lammert, “Determination of the atmospheric boundary layer height from radiosonde and lidar backscatter,” Boundary-Layer Meteorology, vol. 120, no. 1, pp. 181–200, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
24. A. Lammert and J. Bösenberg, “Determination of the convective boundary-layer height with laser remote sensing,” Boundary-Layer Meteorology, vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 159–170, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
25. S. Pal, A. Behrendt, and V. Wulfmeyer, “Elastic-backscatter-lidar-based characterization of the convective boundary layer and investigation of related statistics,” Annales Geophysicae, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 825–847, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
26. A. Behrendt, S. Pal, F. Aoshima et al., “Observation of convection initiation processes with a suite of state-of-the-art research instruments during COPS IOP 8b,” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol. 137, supplement 1, pp. 81–100, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
27. U. Wandinger and A. Ansmann, “Experimental determination of the lidar overlap profile with Raman lidar,” Applied Optics, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 511–514, 2002. View at Scopus
28. G. Biavati, G. Di Donfrancesco, F. Cairo, and D. G. Feist, “Correction scheme for close-range lidar returns,” Applied Optics, vol. 50, no. 30, pp. 5872–5882, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
29. I. M. Brooks, “Finding boundary layer top: application of a wavelet covariance transform to lidar backscatter profiles,” Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol. 20, pp. 1092–1105, 2003.
30. K. J. Davis, N. Gamage, C. R. Hagelberg, C. Kiemle, D. H. Lenschow, and P. P. Sullivan, “An objective method for deriving atmospheric structure from airborne lidar observations,” Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 1455–1468, 2000. View at Scopus
31. M. Haij, W. Wauben, and K. Baltink, “Continuous mixing layer height determination using the LD-40 ceilometer: a feasibility study,” KNMI Scientific Report, 2007.
32. A. J. Garrett, “Comparison of observed mixed-layer depths to model estimates using observed temperatures and winds, and MOS forecasts,” Journal of Applied Meteorology, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 1277–1283, 1981. View at Scopus
33. K. L. Hayden, K. G. Anlauf, R. M. Hoff et al., “The vertical chemical and meteorological structure of the boundary layer in the Lower Fraser Valley during Pacific '93,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 31, no. 14, pp. 2089–2105, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
34. D. H. P. Vogelezang and A. A. M. Holtslag, “Evaluation and model impacts of alternative boundary-layer height formulations,” Boundary-Layer Meteorology, vol. 81, no. 3-4, pp. 245–269, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
35. L. Menut, C. Flamant, J. Pelon, and P. H. Flamant, “Urban boundary-layer height determination from lidar measurements over the Paris area,” Applied Optics, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 945–954, 1999. View at Scopus
36. M. Sicard, C. Pérez, A. Comerón, J. M. Baldasano, and F. Rocadenbosch, “Determination of the mixing layer height from regular lidar measurements in the Barcelona Area,” in Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere VIII, vol. 5235 of Proceedings of SPIE, Barcelona, Spain, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
37. G. Martucci, R. Matthey, V. Mitev, and H. Richner, “Lidar determination of mixing layer height with high resolution,” in Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere X, vol. 5979 of Proceedings of SPIE, Brugge, Belgium, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
38. I. B. Troen and L. Mahrt, “A simple model of the atmospheric boundary layer; sensitivity to surface evaporation,” Boundary-Layer Meteorology, vol. 37, no. 1-2, pp. 129–148, 1986. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
39. J. C. King, S. A. Argentini, and P. S. Anderson, “Contrasts between the summertime surface energy balance and boundary layer structure at Dome C and Halley stations, Antarctica,” Journal of Geophysical Research D, vol. 111, no. 2, Article ID D02105, 13 pages, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
40. E. Batchvarova and S. E. Gryning, “An applied model for the height of the daytime mixed layer and the entrainment zone,” Boundary-Layer Meteorology, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 311–323, 1994. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
41. E. Batchvarova and S. E. Gryning, “Applied model for the growth of the daytime mixed layer,” Boundary-Layer Meteorology, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 261–274, 1991. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
42. X. Lee, W. Massman, and B. Law, Handbook of Micrometeorology, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2004.
43. S. Argentini, A. Viola, A. M. Sempreviva, and I. Petenko, “Summer boundary-layer height at the plateau site of Dome C, Antarctica,” Boundary-Layer Meteorology, vol. 115, no. 3, pp. 409–422, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
44. F. Di Giuseppe, A. Riccio, L. Caporaso, G. Bonafè, G. P. Gobbi, and F. Angelini, “Automatic detection of atmospheric boundary layer height using ceilometer backscatter data assisted by a boundary layer model,” Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, In press.