A New Land Surface Hydrology within the Noah-WRF Land-Atmosphere Mesoscale Model Applied to Semiarid Environment: Evaluation over the Dantiandou Kori (Niger)

Table 1

Simulated surface atmospheric variables versus in situ measurements in Wankama: Precipitation, P (mm/day); Relative humidity, Rh (%); 2 m air temperature, Ta (K); downward Shortwave, SW, and Longwave, LW, radiations (W/m²); Wind speed, Ws (m/s). The Mean, standard deviation (𝜎), Bias, RMSE, correlation (r), and efficiency (Eff) are given for all variables at a 3-hour time step, excepted for precipitation (daily).

Variables	Obs	𝜎𝑜𝑏𝑠	Exp	Mean	σ	Bias	RMSE	r	Eff
P	1.73	6.92	CTL	2.37	15.70	0.64	16.6	0.08	−4.80
			PHY	1.96	11.94	0.23	12.6	0.18	−2.36
Rh	38.74	28.06	CTL	30.68	22.39	−8.05	13.6	0.93	0.77
			PHY	35.39	25.83	−3.35	10.3	0.94	0.86
Ta	302.33	5.23	CTL	304.27	4.90	1.94	3.2	0.88	0.64
			PHY	303.49	4.93	1.16	2.8	0.88	0.71
SW	245.14	327.25	CTL	270.25	370.24	25.10	149.7	0.92	0.79
			PHY	272.73	371.14	27.58	143.7	0.93	0.81
LW	382.32	40.49	CTL	399.64	39.75	17.32	25.6	0.89	0.60
			PHY	398.33	38.64	16.02	24.4	0.89	0.64
Ws	3.08	1.71	CTL	3.53	1.44	0.45	2.0	0.26	−0.34
			PHY	3.46	1.42	0.39	1.9	0.29	−0.26