Species Location represented Time Study type Mixing ratio (pptv) Reference
Notes Tropical Pacific, N. hemisphere Feb-Mar 2006 Field
1 (mean)Galbally et al. 2007 [52 ] aircraft data from 0–2 km altitude Amsterdam Island, S. Indian Ocean Mar 1986–May 1987 Field
2Bonsang et al. 1992 [2 ] suspect canister losses, values perhaps to 10 ppt Arctic Ocean Aug 1999 Field
2Hopkins et al. 2002 [66 ] 53–
N; continuous Arctic sunlight Southern Ocean Jan-Feb 2002 Field
3Wingenter et al. 2004 [23 ] Southern Ocean Iron Enrichment Experiment (SOFEX) Pacific Ocean May-Jun 1987 Field
2–36Bonsang et al. 1992 [2 ] Cape Grim, Tasmania Jan-Feb 1999 Field 1.8–7.9 range (5.7 day mean, <1.6 night mean) Lewis et al. 2001 [8 ] marine winds Florida Straits, Gulf Stream Sep 1993 Field <11 Milne et al. 1995 [25 ] also report modeled concentrations <1 ppt based on calculated fluxes Cape Grim, Tasmania Feb-Mar 2006 Field 14 (mean) Galbally et al. 2007 [52 ] methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein (isoprene degradation products)
2 ppt; short isoprene lifetime (<0.1 day) Seaweed-filled rockpools Mace Head, Ireland Sep-Oct 1998 Field 0–22 (7 mean) Broadgate et al. 2004 [20 ] estimated concentration based on flux Mace Head, Ireland July-Aug 1996 Field 0–25 (6.2 mean for SW winds, 3.9 mean for NW winds) Lewis et al. 1997 [7 ] NW or SW winds Mace Head, Ireland Apr-May 1997 Field 0–37 (2.6 mean) Lewis et al. 1999 [50 ] polar/tropical/westerly winds Diatoms and haptophytes dominant Southern Indian Austral Ocean Dec 2004 Field 0–50 Colomb et al. 2009 [54 ] isoprene ; 40–
S; Zones IIb, IIc, III; species suggested from satellite data & PHYSAT modelSouthern Ocean Dec 1997–Mar 1998 Field
1–57 (13 mean)Yokouchi et al. 1999 [53 ] very variable concentrations; highest levels south of
S when winds from west and south North Pacific May 2001 Field 7.2–110; day mean 31, night mean 70 Matsunaga et al. 2002 [27 ] 3.2 pptv is estimated max concentration supported by measured oceanic flux West Pacific, Indian Ocean, S.E. Asian Sea Nov–Feb; 1996-1997 Field <10 Indian Ocean and East China Sea; >100 near islands and Australia Yokouchi et al. 1999 [53 ] highest levels were near land (to 286 pptv); however, near-Australia values had back trajectories from Southern Ocean, not land Prochlorococcus and haptophytes dominantSouthern Indian Austral Ocean Dec 2004 Field 40–150 Colomb et al. 2009 [54 ] isoprene ; 24–
S; Zones I–IIa North of Aghula Front; species suggested from satellite data & PHYSAT modelMace Head, Ireland Jul–Sep 2002 Field
270Heard et al. 2006 [67 ] When winds from ocean coastal Crete Feb–Oct 2004 Field 10–300 Liakakou et al. 2007 [9 ] for marine-derived back-trajectories; values
100 from May–Aug Prochlorophytes and cyanobacteria South Atlantic Jan–Mar 2007 Field 48 max (26 mean) before bloom Yassaa et al. 2008 [35 ] isoprene; species suggested by pigmentsDinoflagellates, diatoms. pelagophytes South Atlantic Jan–Mar 2007 Field 32–375 (187 mean) during bloom Yassaa et al. 2008 [35 ] isoprene; species suggested by pigmentsProchlorophytes and cyanobacteria South Atlantic Jan–Mar 2007 Field 14 max (5 mean) before bloom Yassaa et al. 2008 [35 ]
-pinene dominant monoterpene; species suggested by pigmentsDinoflagellates, diatoms. Pelagophytes South Atlantic Jan–Mar 2007 Field 56–225 (125 mean) during bloom Yassaa et al. 2008 [35 ]
-pinene dominant monoterpene; species suggested by pigmentsProchlorococcus and haptophytes dominantSouthern Indian Austral Ocean Dec 2004 Field 20–100 Colomb et al. 2009 [54 ] sum monoterpenes; 24–39.5
S; Zones I–IIa North of Aghula Front; species suggested from satellite data and PHYSAT modelDiatoms and haptophytes dominant Southern Indian Austral Ocean Dec 2004 Field 0–40 Colomb et al. 2009 [54 ] sum monoterpenes; 40–49
S; Zones IIb,IIc,III; species suggested from satellite data and PHYSAT modelDiatoms; Emiliania huxleyi and other coccolithophores Raunefjord, Southern Norway May-Jun 2005 Field mesocosm <60–2400 (180 median) Sinha et al. 2007 [39 ] many phytoplankton types detected, species listed bloomed; macroalgae also present outside mesocosms Diatoms Southern Ocean Jan-Feb 2002 Remote sensing (SeaWiFS) 0.03–0.68 (0.17 mean) Meskhidze and Nenes 2006, 2007 [17 , 30 ] Palmer & Shaw 2005 for isoprene-chlorophyll relationship; SOFEX scaled to SeaWiFS chlorophyll (Wingenter 2004, 2007 [23 , 31 ]) Diatoms coastal U.S. Jul 2001 Remote sensing (SeaWiFS) 10 (midday mean) NY and NOL; 2.5 (midday mean) LA Gantt et al. 2010 [40 ] New York, Los Angeles, New Orleans 2006 annual Remote sensing (MODIS & SeaWIFS) 0–280 Luo and Yu 2010 [42 ] Isoprene 2006 annual Remote sensing (MODIS & SeaWIFS) 0–170 Luo and Yu 2010 [42 ]
-pinene