Validation of the HIRHAM-Simulated Indian Summer Monsoon Circulation

Table 2

Statistical parameters for HIRHAM model and observed data sets for mean sea level pressure (MSLP), 2m air temperature (T2m), and precipitation (Precip) in the entire model domain (ALL) and selected subdomains: mountain area >1500 m a.s.l. (ELEV1500), ocean (SEA), land surface (LAND) and Indian continent (INDIA), defined as pattern correlation coefficient (PATCOR), difference “HIRHAM model minus observation”, or the difference between two observational data sets (BIAS) and root mean square error (RMSE) in hPa (MSLP), K (T2m) and mm (Precip).

Datasets	Time average	Parameter	Domain	Patcor	Bias	RMSE
HIRHAM versus ERA40	1958–2001	MSLP	ALL	0.95	0.5	1.5
			ELEV1500	0.80	2.0	2.9
			SEA	0.99	0.1	0.6
			LAND	0.94	0.7	1.8
			INDIA	0.93	−0.2	5.9
HIRHAM versus ERA40	1958–2001	T2m	ALL	0.96	0.3	2.3
			ELEV1500	0.90	−1.7	3.5
			SEA	0.93	0.4	0.7
			LAND	0.95	0.2	2.8
			INDIA	0.93	1.9	10.7
HIRHAM versus ERA40	1958–2001	Precip	ALL	0.75	27.4	128.5
			ELEV1500	0.72	−15.5	88.3
			SEA	0.69	65.3	181.5
			LAND	0.79	8.8	91.8
			INDIA	0.77	42.7	250.6
HIRHAM versus GPCC4	1958–2001	Precip	ALL	0.79	10.4	94.8
			ELEV1500	0.85	4.1	73.3
			SEA	none comparable grid points
			LAND	0.80	6.5	89.3
			INDIA	0.81	38.6	244.7
GPCC4 versus ERA40	1958–2001	Precip	ALL	0.82	−1.9	75.0
			ELEV1500	0.60	−8.4	97.1
			SEA	none comparable grid points
			LAND	0.80	−0.6	70.8
			INDIA	0.74	−0.1	95.7