Characterization of Modern and Fossil Mineral Dust Transported to High Altitude in the Western Alps: Saharan Sources and Transport Patterns

Table 2

Sample depth (meter water equivalent, m weq.) for the Colle Gnifetti (CG) ice-core samples (upper part), sample name for the Jungfraujoch (JFJ) samples (middle part), and X-ray mineral composition with K/C for kaolinite/chlorite ratio. The symbol plus (minus) shows the abundance (absence) of minerals. The composition of fine-grained sediment (till or glaciogenic clay and silt) collected on the Grenz Glacier is reported (lower part) for comparison.

Sample depth (m weq.)	Apparent age	% Mica	% Kaolinite	% Chlorite	K/C	Palygorskite	Paragonite	Quartz
10.93–10.47	1974-1975	41	38	12	3.22	++	+	+++
12.25–11.82	1970-1971	46	16	21	0.73	−	+	−
12.71–12.25	1968–1970	44	19	10	1.86	+	+	+
13.16–12.71	1967-1968	50	11	11	1.00	+	+	−
17.05–15.52	1952–1958	41	25	17	1.49	++	+	++
21.12–20.09	1934–1939	45	18	12	1.50	++	+	+
23.92–22.74	1919–1926	55	25	20	1.21	+	−	+++
24.52–23.92	1916–1919	57	23	20	1.13	++	−	++
30.89–29.61	1874–1884	57	19	11	1.76	++	+	++
39.26–39.10	1788–1791	83	4	7	0.58	+++	+	+++
39.62–39.26	1784–1788	46	23	13	1.80	+++	+	++
49.04–48.42	1563–1585	62	16	22	0.73	+	−	+
J	01.06.2008	47	30	23	1.31	++	−	+++
A	25.06.2008	34	22	45	0.48	+	−	+++
B	07.08.2008	39	28	33	0.85	+	−	+++
C	09.09.2008	52	23	25	0.93	++	−	+++
D	10.09.2008	51	31	18	1.67	++	+	++
K	11.09.2008	45	28	28	1	+	−	—
E	12.10.2009	44	30	25	1.19	++	−	+++
Till of the Grenz Glacier		70	−	22	−	−	−	+++