Analysis and Forecast of a Tornadic Thunderstorm Using Multiple Doppler Radar Data, 3DVAR, and ARPS Model

Figure 12

0.5 km vertical vorticity (10⁻⁵s⁻¹) and horizontal wind vectors for the 1RAD forecast ((a)–(c)), 2RAD forecast ((d)–(f)), and control forecast ((g)–(i)) initialized at 2155 UTC and shown at 10-minute intervals starting at 2200 UTC until 2220 UTC. Vorticity values greater than 2×10⁻²s⁻¹ are shown as transparent. The thicker black line denotes the location of the observed damage path of the tornado.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)