Black Carbon and Elemental Carbon from Postharvest Agricultural-Waste Burning Emissions in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Figure 5

Attenuation cross section of EC at 678 nm (𝜎_ATN-ECOC in m²g⁻¹) during: (a) paddy-residue burning emission (October-November); (b) emissions from biofuel burning and fossil-fuel combustion (December–March); and (c) wheat-residue burning emission (April-May).

(a)

(b)

(c)