Using Adjoint-Based Forecast Sensitivity Method to Evaluate TAMDAR Data Impacts on Regional Forecasts

<div>Time-average total observation impact (J kg<sup>−1</sup>) of the types of variables in June (grey) and January (black) 2010. Negative values correspond to a decrease in the energy norm of forecast error. “REF” stands for the GPS refractivity (GPSREF).</div>

Advances in Meteorology

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Figure 2

Figure 2: Using Adjoint-Based Forecast Sensitivity Method to Evaluate TAMDAR Data Impacts on Regional Forecasts 