Evaluation of Air Quality Model Performance for Simulating Long-Range Transport and Local Pollution of PM_2.5 in Japan

Table 1

Statistical comparisons between observed and simulated (EBase) daily mean SO₂, NO₂, and PM_2.5 concentrations at the ambient air pollution monitoring stations in JFY2010.

	Japan			Beijing
	SO2	NO2	PM2.5	PM2.5
Sample number	15053	16133	15315	323
Mean obs.	2.6 (2.1)	13.3 (8.1)	15.0 (10.2)	102.2 (85.3)
Mean sim.	2.2 (2.0)	9.7 (8.4)	12.7 (9.3)	110.4 (65.7)
	0.40	0.71	0.75	0.83
MBE	−0.4	−3.7	−2.2	8.3
RMSE	2.3	7.3	7.3	48.8
NMB	−14%	−27%	−15%	8%
NRMSE	88%	55%	49%	48%
PF2	55%	63%	81%	83%
IA	0.62	0.80	0.85	0.89

Note: parenthetical values show standard deviations. Units of mean, MBE, and RMSE values are ppbv for SO₂ and NO₂ and μg m⁻³ for PM_2.5.