Assimilation of Aircraft Observations in High-Resolution Mesoscale Modeling

Figure 6

Time series of the difference between MAE for each experiment compared to the MAE for Exp. Control for the 1–18 h forecast (19–12 UTC) for the 0–1000 m AGL layer for (a) temperature, (b) dewpoint, (c) wind speed, and (d) wind direction as compared to above-surface observations and calculated over observations from all five case days. Values below the horizontal line indicate an experiment performed better than Exp. Control. The number of observations used to create the verification at each time is noted just above the horizontal axis at the bottom of the plot.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)