Impacts of Different Physical Parameterization Configurations on Widespread Heavy Rain Forecast over the Northern Area of Vietnam in WRF-ARW Model

Table 1

Station information over the northern part of Vietnam, annual rainfall (over the period 1998–2018) in mm, and the number of days with daily accumulated rainfall over 50 mm/24 h (#50 mm) and over 100 mm/24 h (#100 m) in average. The number of samples is ∼7300 each station.

Station name	Long.	Lat.	Annual rain	#50 mm	#100 mm
Muong Te	102.83	22.37	2423	11	2
Sin Ho	103.23	22.37	2787	13	2
Tam Duong	103.48	22.42	2355	9	2
Muong La	104.03	21.52	1412	5	1
Than Uyen	103.88	21.95	1920	8	1
Quynh Nhai	103.57	21.85	1678	7	1
Mu Cang Chai	104.05	21.87	1741	5	1
Tuan Giao	103.42	21.58	1586	5	1
Pha Din	103.5	21.57	1840	6	1
Van Chan	104.52	21.58	1481	6	1
Song Ma	103.75	21.5	1118	2	0
Co Noi	104.15	21.13	1308	4	0
Yen Chau	104.3	21.05	1229	3	0
Bac Yen	104.42	21.23	1519	4	0
Phu Yen	104.63	21.27	1496	5	1
Minh Dai	105.05	21.17	1695	6	1
Moc Chau	104.68	20.83	1581	5	1
Mai Chau	105.05	20.65	1698	7	1
Pho Rang	104.47	22.23	1648	7	1
Bac Ha	104.28	22.53	1611	4	0
Hoang Su Phi	104.68	22.75	1739	5	1
Bac Me	105.37	22.73	1753	6	0
Bao Lac	105.67	22.95	1179	3	0
Bac Quang	104.87	22.5	4295	24	9
Luc Yen	104.78	22.1	1917	8	1
Ham Yen	105.03	22.07	1858	8	1
Chiem Hoa	105.27	22.15	1631	6	1
Cho Ra	105.73	22.45	1417	5	0
Nguyen Binh	105.9	22.65	1686	6	1
Ngan Son	105.98	22.43	1853	8	1
Trung Khanh	106.57	22.83	1821	7	2
Dinh Hoa	105.63	21.92	1749	8	2
Bac Son	106.32	21.9	1693	7	2
Huu Lung	106.35	21.5	1572	7	1
Dinh Lap	107.1	21.53	1865	7	2
Quang Ha	107.75	21.45	2883	16	5
Phu Ho	105.23	21.45	1480	6	1
Tam Dao	105.65	21.47	2585	13	4
Hiep Hoa	105.97	21.35	1601	6	1
Bac Ninh	106.08	21.18	1608	7	2
Luc Ngan	106.55	21.38	1406	6	1
Son Dong	106.85	21.33	1686	8	2
Ba Vi	105.42	21.15	1942	9	2
Ha Dong	105.75	20.97	1635	7	1
Chi Linh	106.38	21.08	1536	7	1
Uong Bi	106.75	21.03	1824	9	2
Kim Boi	105.53	20.33	2115	9	2
Chi Ne	105.78	20.48	1841	8	2
Lac Son	105.45	20.45	2040	9	2
Cuc Phuong	105.72	20.25	1918	9	2
Yen Dinh	105.67	19.98	1509	7	1
Sam Son	105.9	19.75	1759	9	3
Do Luong	105.3	18.89	1871	9	2
Lai Chau	103.15	22.07	2178	10	2
Sa Pa	103.82	22.35	2581	10	2
Lao Cai	103.97	22.5	1704	7	1
Ha Giang	104.97	22.82	2372	12	2
Son La	103.9	21.33	1456	4	1
That Khe	106.47	22.25	1482	6	1
Cao Bang	106.25	22.67	1439	6	1
Bac Giang	106.22	21.3	1518	7	1
Hon Ngu	105.77	18.8	2007	11	4
Bac Can	105.83	22.15	1421	5	1
Dien Bien Phu	103	21.37	1536	5	1
Tuyen Quang	105.22	21.82	1654	8	2
Viet Tri	105.42	21.3	1601	8	2
Vinh Yen	105.6	21.32	1489	6	1
Yen Bai	104.87	21.7	1768	8	1
Son Tay	105.5	21.13	1612	7	1
Hoa Binh	105.33	20.82	1828	8	2
Huong Son	105.43	18.52	2135	10	4
Ha Noi	105.8	21.03	1647	8	2
Phu Ly	105.92	20.55	1731	8	2
Hung Yen	106.05	20.65	1381	6	1
Nam Dinh	106.15	20.39	1564	7	1
Ninh Binh	105.97	20.23	1662	8	2
Phu Lien	106.63	20.8	1572	7	1
Hai Duong	106.3	20.93	1561	7	1
Hon Dau	106.8	20.67	1501	8	1
Van Ly	106.3	20.12	1620	9	2
Lang Son	106.77	21.83	2874	12	2
Thai Nguyen	105.83	21.6	1266	5	1
Nho Quan	105.73	20.32	1728	8	2
Bai Chay	107.07	20.97	1700	8	2
Co To	107.77	20.98	1933	10	3
Thai Binh	106.35	20.45	1930	10	3
Cua Ong	107.35	21.02	1591	8	1
Tien Yen	107.4	21.33	2189	12	3
Mong Cai	107.97	21.52	2168	10	3
Bach Long Vi	107.72	20.13	2670	15	5
Huong Khe	105.72	18.18	1216	6	1
Thanh Hoa	105.78	19.75	2516	12	5
Hoi Xuan	105.12	20.37	1701	8	3
Tuong Duong	104.43	19.28	1720	6	1
Vinh	105.7	18.67	1305	5	1
Ha Tinh	105.9	18.35	1896	10	4
Ky Anh	106.28	18.07	2507	13	5
Bai Thuong	105.38	19.9	1830	7	2
Nhu Xuan	105.57	19.63	1758	8	3
Tinh Gia	105.78	19.45	1777	9	3
Quy Chau	105.12	19.57	1661	7	1
Quy Hop	105.15	19.32	1579	7	2
Tay Hieu	105.4	19.32	1517	7	2
Quynh Luu	105.63	19.17	1559	8	2
Con Cuong	104.88	19.05	1647	7	2