Impacts of Different Physical Parameterization Configurations on Widespread Heavy Rain Forecast over the Northern Area of Vietnam in WRF-ARW Model

Table 3

List of forecast cycles related to heavy rain cases from 2012 to 2016, the station with maximum daily accumulated rainfall up to 72 h for each cycle, and types of main synoptic situations.

Forecast cycle (year month day hour)	Maximum 24 h accumulation observation (mm)	Station with maximum observation	Types of rain events
2012 05 18 00	37	Bac Yen	Type I
2012 05 19 00	44	Lac Son	Type I
2012 05 20 00	114	Bac Quang	Type I
2012 05 21 00	195	Bac Quang	Type I
2012 05 22 00	131	Ha Dong	Type I
2012 05 23 00	186	Quang Ha	Type I
2012 07 20 00	41	Bac Quang	Type I
2012 07 21 00	24.6	Lai Chau	Type II
2012 07 22 00	116	Vinh Yen	Type II
2012 07 23 00	75	Vinh	Type II
2012 07 25 00	229	Tuyen Quang	Type II
2012 07 26 00	104	Ham Yen	Type II
2012 07 27 00	112	Bac Quang	Type I
2012 08 03 00	58.1	Con Cuong	Type I
2012 08 04 00	34.1	Tinh Gia	Type I
2012 08 05 00	70	Lang Son	Type I
2012 08 06 00	153	Muong La	Type I
2012 08 07 00	163	Quang Ha	Type I
2012 08 13 00	63.6	Muong La	Type II
2012 08 14 00	64.5	Nho Quan	Type II
2012 08 15 00	74	Do Luong	Type II
2012 08 16 00	76	Tam Dao	Type II
2012 08 31 00	49.1	Sin Ho	Type IV
2012 09 01 00	67	Nhu Xuan	Type IV
2012 09 02 00	124	Quynh Luu	Type IV
2012 09 03 00	84	Moc Chau	Type IV
2012 09 04 00	157	Huong Khe	Type IV
2012 09 16 00	151.4	Muong Te	Type IV
2012 09 17 00	104.6	Tam Duong	Type III
2013 06 19 00	109	Bac Quang	Type II
2013 06 20 00	72.2	Huong Khe	Type II
2013 06 21 00	59	Nam Dinh	Type II
2013 06 22 00	218	Ha Tinh	Type II
2014 08 25 00	91	Lao Cai	Type II
2014 08 26 00	89	Van Ly	Type II
2014 08 27 00	157	Hon Ngu	Type II
2015 05 18 00	90	Hoi Xuan	Type III
2015 05 19 00	58	Sin Ho	Type III
2015 05 20 00	106	That Khe	Type III
2015 05 21 00	72	Tuyen Quang	Type III
2015 06 21 00	124	Luc Yen	Type II
2015 06 22 00	72.7	Do Luong	Type II
2015 07 01 00	84.5	Cao Bang	Type I
2015 07 02 00	123.0	Van Chan	Type I
2015 07 03 00	74.0	Huong Khe	Type I
2015 07 21 00	54.5	Hoa Binh	Type I
2015 07 22 00	19	Sin Ho	Type I
2015 07 23 00	92	Sin Ho	Type I
2015 07 24 00	180	Quynh Nhai	Type I
2015 07 25 00	181	Cua Ong	Type I
2015 07 26 00	432	Cua Ong	Type I
2015 07 27 00	347	Quang Ha	Type I
2015 07 28 00	224	Mong Cai	Type I
2015 07 29 00	247	Cua Ong	Type I
2015 07 30 00	145	Quang Ha	Type I
2015 07 31 00	239	Quang Ha	Type I
2015 08 01 00	157	Phu Lien	Type I
2015 09 18 00	73	Hai Duong	Type IV
2015 09 19 00	78.0	Dinh Hoa	Type IV
2016 05 20 00	118	Tinh Gia	Type I
2016 05 21 00	107.0	Ha Nam	Type I
2016 05 22 00	92	Sa Pa	Type I
2016 05 23 00	190.4	Yen Bai	Type I
2016 07 24 00	60	Phu Lien	Type II
2016 07 25 00	17	Thai Binh	Type II
2016 07 26 00	46	Dinh Hoa	Type II
2016 07 30 00	18.1	Mu Cang Chai	Type II
2016 08 01 00	19	Sin Ho	Type I
2016 08 02 00	150	Ninh Binh	Type I
2016 08 10 00	81	Quynh Nhai	Type I
2016 08 11 00	117	Thanh Hoa	Type I
2016 08 12 00	87	Tay Hieu	Type I

Type I: activities of trough or ITCZ; type II: affected by tropical cyclone or low-pressure system; type III: related to cold surge from the north; type IV: combinations of different patterns.