Temporal Characteristics of Heat Waves and Cold Spells and Their Links to Atmospheric Circulation in EURO-CORDEX RCMs
Table 3
Numbers of summer heat waves (HWs) and winter cold spells (CSPs) over 1980–2005, percentage of hot/cold days that occur within HWs/CSPs, mean length of HWs/CSPs, and the length of the longest HWs/CSPs in the observed data and RCM simulations, together with the ensemble mean/median.
Number of HWs
Hot days within HWs
Mean length of HWs (d)
Length of the longest HW (d)
Number of CSPs
Cold days within CSPs
Mean length of CSPs (d)
Length of the longest CSP (d)
E-OBS_44
28
58%
5.0
11
31
73%
5.5
14
E-OBS_22
28
58%
5.0
11
31
74%
5.6
14
Ensemble mean
29.6
62%
5.0
16.2
+
32.6
80%
5.8
19.3
+
Ensemble median
29
65%
+
4.9
14
+
33
80%
5.8
18
+
CCLM4_C_11
30
56%
4.5
8
−
32
75%
5.5
14
CCLM4_E_11
27
54%
4.8
11
34
85%
+
5.9
16
+
CCLM4_H_11
36
+
76%
+
5.0
14
+
31
79%
6.0
19
+
CCLM4_M_11
26
50%
−
4.7
12
36
+
82%
+
5.4
18
+
ALADIN53_C_11
27
72%
+
6.4
+
21
+
39
+
79%
4.7
−
12
−
ALADIN53_I_11
27
73%
+
6.5
+
37
+
33
71%
5.1
23
+
RACMO22E_I_11
33
+
64%
+
4.6
16
+
33
77%
5.5
14
RACMO22E_E_11
28
52%
−
4.5
−
13
+
31
65%
−
4.9
−
15
RACMO22E_H_11
34
+
71%
+
4.9
14
+
30
79%
6.2
+
20
+
RCA4_C_11
28
65%
+
5.6
+
29
+
35
+
85%
+
5.7
15
RCA4_I_11
27
57%
5.0
19
+
32
89%
+
6.5
+
18
+
RCA4_E_11
30
59%
4.7
13
+
35
+
86%
+
5.8
28
+
RCA4_H_11
29
68%
+
5.5
+
27
+
32
80%
5.8
17
+
RCA4_M_11
26
43%
−
4.0
−
10
31
82%
+
6.2
+
30
+
RCA4_C_44
28
70%
+
6.0
+
12
35
+
82%
+
5.5
16
+
RCA4_I_44
35
+
71%
+
4.9
14
+
27
−
75%
6.5
+
19
+
RCA4_E_44
34
+
65%
+
4.6
11
28
77%
6.5
+
27
+
RCA4_H_44
29
67%
+
5.4
15
+
33
81%
+
5.7
22
+
RCA4_M_44
29
50%
−
4.1
−
12
33
81%
+
5.8
23
+
± indicates larger-than-10% overestimation/underestimation with respect to observations (E-OBS_44).
