Missed Approach, a Safety-Critical Go-Around Procedure in Aviation: Prediction Based on Machine Learning-Ensemble Imbalance Learning

Table 2

Factors description with their label coding.

Factors	Descriptions	Type of data	Label coding
MAP	Missed approach/go-around	Discrete	1: if MAP is executed, 0: if approach occurs
Vehicle-specific	Type of the flight	Discrete	1: if the inbound flight is an international flight, 0: if the inbound flight is Hong Kong-based carrier
	Type of inbound aircraft	Discrete	1: if the inbound aircraft is a wind-body aircraft, 0: if the inbound aircraft is a narrow-body aircraft
Runway-specific	Assigned arrival runway for inbound flight	Discrete	1: if arrival runway is 07R, 2: if the arrival runway is 25C, 3: if arrival runway is 25L, 0: if arrival runway is 07C
Environment-specific	LLWS magnitude	Continuous	—
	LLWS H-location	Discrete	1: if horizontal encounter location of low-level wind shear is 1 nautical mile from runway threshold, 2: if horizontal encounter location of low-level wind shear is 2 nautical miles from runway threshold, 3: if horizontal encounter location of low-level wind shear is 3 nautical miles from runway threshold, 0: if low-level wind shear occurs at the runway threshold
	LLWS V-location	Continuous	—
	Cause of LLWS	Discrete	1: if there is sea breeze-induced wind shear, 0: if there is gust front-induced wind shear
	Precipitation	Discrete	1: if there is precipitation, 0: otherwise
Temporal-specific	Time of day	Discrete	1: if the MAP occurs during day time (08:00 to 18:59), 0: if the MAP occurs during night time (19:00 to 07:59)
	Seasons	Discrete	1: if MAP event occurs in the spring season, 2: if MAP event occurs in the summer season, 3: if MAP event occurs in the autumn season, 0: if MAP event occurs in the winter season