Missed Approach, a Safety-Critical Go-Around Procedure in Aviation: Prediction Based on Machine Learning-Ensemble Imbalance Learning

Table 4

Hyperparameters tuning of the base estimators.

Base estimators	Hyperparameters	Range	Optimal values
LGBM	n_estimators	(100–1500)	900
	num_leaves	(30–100)	38
	Learning rate	(0.001–0.2)	0.07
	reg_lambda	(1.1–1.5)	1.24
	reg_alpha	(1.1–1.5)	1.18
RF	n_estimators	(50–1000)	1041
	max_depth	(2–15)	7
XGBoost	n_estimators	(100–1500)	1105
	num_leaves	(30–100)	46
	Learning rate	(0.001–0.2)	0.05
	reg_lambda	(1.1–1.5)	1.41
	reg_alpha	(1.1–1.5)	1.27