Missed Approach, a Safety-Critical Go-Around Procedure in Aviation: Prediction Based on Machine Learning-Ensemble Imbalance Learning

Table 6

Performance assessment of ensemble imbalance learning model with different base estimators.

Base estimators	Performance measures
	Recall (%)	Precision (%)	F1-score (%)	Balanced accuracy (%)	Geometric mean (%)
SPE framework
LGBM	75.23	40.13	52.15	49.33	70.02
XGBoost	79.69	50.11	61.25	59.68	78.14
RF	69.11	49.71	57.51	54.22	74.13
Balance cascade
LGBM	64.06	51.02	57.25	51.02	72.13
XGBoost	72.38	57.18	64.13	59.22	77.31
RF	69.11	49.71	57.53	54.22	74.71
Easy ensemble
LGBM	72.71	47.14	57.22	53.71	74.15
XGBoost	64.71	45.91	53.41	49.52	71.66
RF	62.11	55.71	58.51	52.18	72.86