Low-Dosed X-Ray Computed Tomography Imaging by Regularized Fully Spatial Fractional-Order Perona-Malik Diffusion

Figure 1

Original SDCT and LDCT images ((a)–(d)), LDCT images processed by PMD, RPMD, FOPMD, and RFS-FOPMD with fractional order 𝛼=1 and iteration number is set to 100.

(a) Original SDCT image with tube current time product 150 mAs  

(b) Original LDCT image with tube current time product 30 mAs

(c) Original SDCT image with tube current time product 150 mAs

(d) Original LDCT image with tube current time product 60 mAs

(e) LDCT image (b) processed by PMD with 𝜎=30, 𝜆=1/100 and iteration number is 100

(f) LDCT image (d) processed by PMD with 𝜎=30, 𝜆=1/100 and iteration number is 100

(g) LDCT image (b) processed by RPMD with 𝜎=30, 𝜎₁=1, 𝜆=1/100 and iteration number is 100

(h) LDCT image (b) processed by FOPMD in [8] with 𝜎=30, 𝛼=1, and 𝜆=1/100 and iteration number is 100

(i) LDCT image (b) processed by RFS-FOPMD with 𝜎=30, 𝛼=1, 𝜎₁=1, and 𝜆=1/100 and iteration number is 100

(j) LDCT image (d) processed by RPMD with 𝜎=30, 𝜎₁=1, and 𝜆=1/100 and iteration number is 100

(k) LDCT image (d) processed by FOPMD in [8] with 𝜎=30, 𝛼=1, and 𝜆=1/100 and iteration number is 100

(l) LDCT image (d) processed by RFS-FOPMD with 𝜎=30, 𝜎₁=1, 𝛼=1, and 𝜆=1/100 and iteration number is 100