|
| Base metal | Coating material | Deposition method | Test environment | Corrosion current density (×10−6 A cm−2) | ICR (mΩ cm2) | Sample size
× × (mm) | Purge | Reference |
|
| 310 SS | TiN-SBR | EPD | 0.05 M + 2 ppm F−at 80°C | | SBR TiN 50 nm: 15.8 SBR TiN 1 μm: 31.7 no TiN: 40
(all at 180 N cm−2) | 20 mm2 × 2 mm thick for polarization tests
80 mm2 × 6 mm thick for bipolar plate | Ar or Air | [48] |
|
| 304 SS | Carbon with Nickle Layer | CVD | 0.5 M H2SO4at 40°C | | | | | [61] |
|
316L SS
304 SS
Nicrofer 3127
Nicrofer 6020
Nicrofer 5923 | CrN (deposited only on SS plates) | PVD | 0.001 M H2SO4 0.00015 M HCl
15 ppm HF at 25–70°C | 304 SS: 3.26
304 SS/CrN: 0.24
316L SS: 1.92
316 SS/CrN: 0.79
N3127: 3.14
N6020: 4.97
N5923: 1.95
(All for cathode at 0.7 V versus NHE) | Graphite:
XM9612: 3.5
BMA5: 14.5
Ni-based alloys:
N3127: 3.8
N5923: 3.9
N 6020: 7.0
304 SS: 95
304 SS/CrN: 19
316L SS: 90
316L SS/CrN: 12
(all at 220 N cm−2) | 16 cm2 | H2 (an)
Air (cat) | [69] |
|
| 316L SS | CrN | Physical vapour deposition (PVD) | 0.05 M H2SO4 + 2 ppm F− at 70°C | 0.5 (an)
1.3 (cat) | 30 at 150 N cm−2 | 10 × 10 × 6 | H2 (an)
Air (cat) | [84] |
|
| Austenite 304 SS | NbN and NbN/NbCrN | ICP-sputtering | 0.5 M H2SO4 + 2 ppm HF at 70°C | NbN: 8.26 × 10−3 NbN/NbCrN: 9.87 × 10−3 | 35 at 1.5 Mpa | 22 mm diameter
× 6 mm thick | | [100] |
|
| 304 SS | Cr3Ni2/Cr2N/CrN | Magnetron sputtering | 0.5 M H2SO4+ 2 ppm HF
at room temp. | 0.1 (cat) | 17 at 150 N cm−2 | 25 × 25 × 2 | | [101] |
|
| 316L SS | Cr/CrN/Cr | Pulsed bias arc ion plating (PBAIP) | 0.5 M H2SO4 + 2 ppm F−at 70°C | 0.56–1.00 | 35 at 150 N cm−2 | 100 mm2 0.1 mm thick (plating)
15 mm2
0.1 mm thick (corrosion) | H2 (an)
Air (cat) | [102]
|
|
| AISI 316L | CrN,
Cr2N | Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) (530–650 K) | 0.1 N H2SO4 + 2 ppm HF
at 80°C | <4.3 (cat)
at 0.6 V, 590 K | 80 (untreated)
40 (530 K)
13 (590 K)
11 (650 K)
all at 150 N cm−2 | 40 × 50 × 0.2 | | [85] |
|
| 316L SS | CrN | ICP | 0.1 N H2SO4 + 2 ppm HF
at 80°C | 0.157 at 0.6 V (−100 V)
0.166 at 0.6 V (−200 V)
0.944 at 0.6 V (−300 V)
(4.76 for bare 316L SS)
(25.5 for Cr-plated 316L SS) | 82.2 at 150 N cm−2 79.3 (−100 V)
34.0 (−200V)
5.6 (−300 V) | 0.2 mm thickness | H2 (an)
Air (cat) | [86] |
|
| 316L SS | (Ti, Cr) | ICP-ARMS | 0.5 M H2SO4 + 2 ppm HF
at 80°C | 0.50 (cat)
0.05 (an)
(all at 0.6 V) | 4.5 at 150 N cm−2 | | H2 (an)
Air (cat) | [103] |
|
| Aluminum alloy Magnal-45 (Al-5082) | CrN (3–5 μm thick) | PVD | 0.5 M H2SO4 + 2 ppm HF
at 70°C | 57.42 at 5 μm (an)
79.12 at 5 μm (cat) | 8.0 at 3 μm
8.5 at 4 μm
6.0 at 5 μm
all at 135 N cm−2 | 1 cm2 | | [104] |
|
| 316L SS | Cr0.43N0.57 →
Cr0.49N0.51 (1),
Cr0.49N0.51 → Cr0.43N0.57 (2),
Cr0.43N0.57 (3) | PBAIP | 0.5 M H2SO4 + 5 ppm F−at 25 or 70°C | (1): 10
(2): 1.0
(3): 31.6
316L SS: 100 | (1) 14.1–19.6
(2) 7.9–11.2
(3) 6.9–10.0
(all at 0.8–1.2 MPa) | 15 mm2 × 6 mm thick | | [107] |
|
| 316L SS | Cr | Pack cementation in argon gas at 1100°C for 2.5–10 h | 0.5 M H2SO4at 80°C | | bare 316L SS: 95
316L SS/Cr(2.5 h): 75
316L SS/Cr (10 h): 90
316L SS/Cr (5 h): 95 | 20 × 20 × 3 | H2 (an)
Air (cat) | [83] |
|
| 316L SS | Ni-Cr | Ion implantation | 0.5 M H2SO4 + 2 ppm HF
at 80°C | 0.07 (cat)
(2.5–3.0 for bare 316L SS) | 22.1 at 210 N cm−2 50.0 at 150 N cm−2
(255.4 at 210 N cm−2
380 at 150 N cm−2
for bare 316L SS) | 15 mm2 × 5 mm thick | H2 (an) Air (cat) | [108]
|
|
| 316L SS | | PBAIP | 0.5 M H2SO4 + 5 ppm F−at 25°C and 70°C | 0.091 (25°C)
0.23 (70°C, air)
3.0 (70°C, H2) | 2.8 (Cr0.23C0.77)
at 150 N cm−2 | 15 mm2 × 0.1 mm thick | H2 (an)
Air (cat) | [109] |
|
| 316L SS | CrN | PBAIP | 0.5 M H2SO4 + 5 ppm F−at 25°C | 0.59 (16.0 for bare 316L SS) | 5.8 at 1.2 MPa | 15 mm2 × 0.1 mm thick | | [87] |
|
| 316 L SS | Powder Mix I
(50 wt% Cr, 43 wt% Al2O3, 7 wt% NH4C)
Powder Mix II (25 wt% CR, 72 wt% Al2O3, 3 wt% NH4C) | CVD | 1.0 M H2SO4 at 80°C | | 17 at 150 N cm−2 (sample I)
35.3 at 150 N cm−2
(bare 316L SS)
233.5 at 150 N cm−2
(sample II) | 20 × 20 × 1 | H2 (an)
Air (cat) | [110] |
|
| 316L SS | Ag | Ion implantation | 0.5 M H2SO4 + 2 ppm HF
at 80°C | 2.0 (cat) | >400 (untreated)
>100 (Ag)
all at 150 N cm−2 | 15 × 15 × 5 | | [91] |
|
| 316L SS | Ni | Ion implantation | 0.5 M H2SO4+ 2 ppm HF
at 80°C | | bare 316L SS: 312.8
Ni coated: 36
(1 × 1017 ions cm−2)
Ni coated: 30.0
(5 × 1017 ions cm−2) | 15 × 15 × 6
1.0 cm2 (for corrosion tests) | H2 (an)
Air (cat) | [114] |
|
| 316 L SS | Zirconia | Sol-gel dip coating followed by calcination at 800°C for 1 hour | 1.0 M H2SO4at 80°C | 0.800 (56.68 for bare 316L SS) | 275 at 150 N cm−2 (104 at 150 N cm−2 for bare 316L SS) | 16 mm diameter × 2 mm thick | H2 (an)
Air (cat) | [96] |
|
| 316L SS | Ag-PTFE composite | Electrodeposition | 0.5 M H2SO4+ 5 ppm F−at 70°C | Anode:
10−5.01 (PTFE-Ag)
10−6.3 (pure Ag) | 2.88–3.94
(PTFE-Ag)
3.24–4.54
(pure Ag)
(all at 0.8–1.2 MPa) | 100 mm2 × 0.1 mm thick | H2 (an)
Air (cat) | [95] |
|
| 316L SS | C
C-Cr
C-Cr-N | PBAIP | 0.5 M H2SO4 + 5 ppm F− at 25°C and 70°C | 0.1 (C-Cr)
10 (bare 316L SS) | C-Cr: 8.72
C-Cr-N: 555
Pure C: 2160
all at 1.5 MPa | 100 × 100 × 0.1 | H2 (an)
Air (cat) | [121]
|
|
| 316L SS | Amorphous carbon (A-C) | Closed field unbalanced magnetron sputter ion
deposition (CFUMSID) | 0.5 M H2SO4 + 2 ppm HF at 80°C | 0.06
bare 316L SS:
43.1 (an), 21.0 (cat) | A-C: 8.3–5.2
Graphite: 10.4–5.4
bare 316L SS: 477-255.4
all at 120–210 N cm−2 | 15 mm2 × 5 mm thick | H2 (an)
Air (cat) | [140] |
|
| 316L SS | | Low-temperature plasma nitridation | 0.05 M H2SO4 + 2 ppm F− at 70°C | | 65 at 4 h (cat)
35 at 4 h (an) | 1.0 cm2 × 6 mm thick | H2 (an)
Air (cat) | [141] |
|
| 304 SS | A-C | CFUMSID | Single Cell and Short Stack (100 W) Cell Temp: 60°C Reactants: 80°C
H2 (30% RH)
O2 (30% RH) | | 5.4 at 1.5 MPa
(93.3 at 1.5 MPa
bare 304 SS) | 100 × 100 × 0.1 | None | [142] |
|
| 430 SS | Niobium | Roll bonding | 0.001 M H2SO4 0.00015 M HCl
15 ppm HF at 25–70°C | 69 (cat)
at 0.84 V versus
NHE
0.17 (an)
at 0.14 V versus NHE | 430 SS/Niobium: 15
430 SS/CrN: 19
all at 220 N cm−2 | | H2 (an)
Air (cat) | [92] |
|
| 310 SS | TiN-SBR | Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) | 0.05 M + 2 ppm F− at 80°C | <16 | Bare 310L SS: 100
TiN coated: 80
(all at 150 N cm−2) | 20 × 20 × 2
for polarization
80 × 80 × 6
for corrosion test | Ar or Air | [143] |
|
SS 349
SS 2205
AISI 444
AISI 446 | Fluorine-doped SnO2 (SnO2:F) | Preetching with CBrF3 followed by Low-pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) | 1.0 M H2SO4 + 2ppm F− at 70°C | Bare AISI 444: 90
coated AISI 444: 85
USDOT: 1.0 (an) bare AISI 444: 20 coated AISI
444: 46 (cat) all at 0.6 V | All >50 mΩ cm2 | 25.4 × 12.5 | H2(an)
Air (cat) | [144] |
|
