Flexural Vibration Test of a Beam Elastically Restrained at One End: A New Approach for Young’s Modulus Determination

Table 2

Young’s moduli of materials 𝐸 in GPa, determined at room temperature by (17) and specimen parameters: length 𝑙 in mm, thickness ℎ in mm, density 𝜌 in kg⋅m⁻³, fundamental frequency 𝑓₁ in Hz, and modal number 𝜆₁ calculated by (13).

Material	𝑙	ℎ	𝜌	𝑓1	𝜆1	𝐸	𝐸Literature
Al 6061 sheet	282	1.55	2715	14.42	1.778	70.0	70–72
Zn coated steel	193	0.55	7820	12.0	1.868	201	206
Sheet steel 304	193	0.5	7970	11.0	1.864	210	190–213
Cooper alloy	214	1.0	8790	11.89	1.848	106	110–120
Brass stripe	248	1.5	8400	11.75	1.709	108	96–110
Perspex	190	3.0	1190	23.2	1.798	4.2	2.4–4.6
Wood, oak	252	3.5	674	30.3	1.664	12.6	11–12
Composite^a	232	2.5	1600	33.0	1.429	92.0	36–150

^aGraphite carbon epoxy.