Strengthening Mechanisms of Magnesium-Lithium Based Alloys and Composites

<div>Hardness, twin boundary density <i>β</i>, dislocation density <svg height="9.39034pt" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 7.13289 9.39034" width="7.13289pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M516 277C516 378 460 448 376 448C335 448 288 434 240 401C158 345 127 277 107 159C53 -161 38 -221 23 -247L28 -261C43 -260 95 -250 114 -226C122 -216 129 -199 146 -75C152 -29 157 0 164 31C182 9 206 -12 237 -12C267 -12 325 8 376 46C451 102 516 179 516 277ZM432 259C432 134 366 40 259 40C236 40 204 48 171 76L195 203C219 327 253 400 326 400C398 400 432 336 432 259Z" id="g113-239"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="539" vert-adv-y="539"></glyph.data></g></svg>, and average area mean subgrain size <svg height="12.584pt" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-3.29567pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 34.1525 12.584" width="34.1525pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M360 -163L167 270L360 703H298L106 273V267L298 -163H360Z" id="g113-61"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="413" vert-adv-y="413"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,5.369,0)"><path d="M536 404C536 423 520 448 491 448C445 448 398 404 308 283L286 338C255 416 242 448 217 448C182 448 138 402 92 341L111 321C149 368 169 378 178 378C188 378 198 363 214 320L254 212C185 117 138 65 107 65C98 65 85 69 82 75C79 82 73 86 65 86C44 86 23 60 23 39C23 7 44 -12 71 -12C119 -12 168 33 265 177L306 61C321 17 347 -12 373 -12C413 -12 465 33 507 96L491 119C459 84 432 60 413 60C395 60 378 92 358 148L321 250C341 279 369 310 389 332C417 363 439 382 456 382C466 382 475 376 481 368C486 361 492 358 496 358C513 358 536 381 536 404Z" id="g113-121"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="559" vert-adv-y="559"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.636,0)"><path d="M307 267V273L115 703H53L246 270L53 -163H115L307 267Z" id="g113-63"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="413" vert-adv-y="413"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,18.005,3.132)"><path d="M442 39L431 68C420 63 406 57 394 57C377 57 359 71 359 118V301C359 353 349 393 314 424C291 443 261 451 230 451C171 438 107 401 79 381C59 366 46 355 46 340C46 316 72 295 91 295C106 295 117 303 122 319C131 350 139 371 152 384C163 397 178 404 197 404C246 404 281 365 281 293V278C260 262 186 232 124 213C69 194 41 161 41 112C41 47 92 -12 163 -12C195 -12 243 25 283 51C288 35 293 22 308 7C319 -4 339 -12 354 -12L442 39ZM281 87C262 68 226 51 199 51C169 51 129 74 129 126C129 162 151 181 190 198C211 208 259 229 281 240V87Z" id="g58-95"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="449" vert-adv-y="449"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,22.009,3.132)"><path d="M185 344V453C137 433 92 421 41 413V386C100 378 104 375 104 310V106C104 41 97 35 33 30V0H268V30C190 35 185 41 185 107V283C206 340 240 371 267 371C282 371 296 364 310 351C316 344 325 343 336 348C357 357 369 378 369 399C369 424 345 451 310 451C262 451 219 397 187 344H185Z" id="g58-112"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="380" vert-adv-y="380"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,25.357,3.132)"><path d="M384 109C349 76 310 59 268 59C197 59 123 113 120 245C240 248 367 259 384 262C403 266 407 275 407 296C407 376 338 451 254 451H253C201 451 148 425 105 378C65 334 39 272 39 203C39 88 112 -12 235 -12C266 -12 339 5 402 84L384 109ZM230 411C285 411 319 365 319 313C319 298 313 293 294 293C236 291 180 290 125 290C141 370 185 411 230 411Z" id="g58-99"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="434" vert-adv-y="434"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,29.343,3.132)"><path d="M442 39L431 68C420 63 406 57 394 57C377 57 359 71 359 118V301C359 353 349 393 314 424C291 443 261 451 230 451C171 438 107 401 79 381C59 366 46 355 46 340C46 316 72 295 91 295C106 295 117 303 122 319C131 350 139 371 152 384C163 397 178 404 197 404C246 404 281 365 281 293V278C260 262 186 232 124 213C69 194 41 161 41 112C41 47 92 -12 163 -12C195 -12 243 25 283 51C288 35 293 22 308 7C319 -4 339 -12 354 -12L442 39ZM281 87C262 68 226 51 199 51C169 51 129 74 129 126C129 162 151 181 190 198C211 208 259 229 281 240V87Z" id="g58-95"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="449" vert-adv-y="449"></glyph.data></g></svg> as a function of the number of ECAP passes [<a href="/journals/amse/2016/1078187/#B40">13</a>].</div>

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

fig12

Figure 12

Figure 12: Strengthening Mechanisms of Magnesium-Lithium Based Alloys and Composites 