Measurement of Surface Damage through Boundary Detection: An Approach to Assess Durability of Cementitious Composites under Tannery Wastewater

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/amse/volume-2016/5368635/figures/5368635.fig.0013a.svgz" name="5368635.fig.0013a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Boundary detection by Sobel</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/amse/volume-2016/5368635/figures/5368635.fig.0013b.svgz" name="5368635.fig.0013b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>Boundary detection by Prewitt</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/amse/volume-2016/5368635/figures/5368635.fig.0013c.svgz" name="5368635.fig.0013c" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(c) </b>Boundary detection by LoG</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="d"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/amse/volume-2016/5368635/figures/5368635.fig.0013d.svgz" name="5368635.fig.0013d" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(d) </b>Boundary detection by Canny (<svg height="8.55521pt" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 44.1608 8.55521" width="44.1608pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M548 455L523 469C505 448 490 439 461 439C416 439 374 447 316 447C144 447 23 310 23 161C23 47 89 -12 179 -12C312 -12 429 106 429 244C429 303 419 344 368 386L371 388C404 383 440 378 474 378C507 378 530 411 548 455ZM350 274C350 191 308 25 198 25C144 25 108 75 108 157C108 264 170 395 276 395C296 395 320 384 333 360C347 334 350 316 350 274Z" id="g113-240"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="565" vert-adv-y="565"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.979,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z" id="g117-34"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="587" vert-adv-y="587"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.242,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.482,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z" id="g113-47"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="228" vert-adv-y="228"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.446,0)"><path d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z" id="g113-52"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,37.686,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z" id="g113-54"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g></svg>)</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="e"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/amse/volume-2016/5368635/figures/5368635.fig.0013e.svgz" name="5368635.fig.0013e" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(e) </b>Boundary detection by the proposed method</td></tr></table>

<div>Comparison between conventional edge detection techniques and the proposed method for cube T1 (submerged for 180 days).</div>

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

fig13

Figure 13

Figure 13: Measurement of Surface Damage through Boundary Detection: An Approach to Assess Durability of Cementitious Composites under Tannery Wastewater 

Figure 13 | Measurement of Surface Damage through Boundary Detection: An Approach to Assess Durability of Cementitious Composites under Tannery Wastewater 