Elastic Analysis of Nonhomogeneous Frozen Wall under Nonaxisymmetric Ground Stress Field and in State of Unloading

Figure 4

Schematic diagram of finite-element model: (a) before freezing; (b) after freezing and before excavation; (c) after excavation. 1, unfrozen rock; 2, frozen wall; 3, rock to be excavated.

(a)

(b)

(c)